Past Q Zita

Question 1

How does propofol work?

Answer 1

• Total uncounciousness
• Good muscle relaxant
• Mild/no analgesic activity
• Side effects: hypotension, respiratory depression

Question 2

Effect of ketamine + xylazine?

Answer 2

Ketamine: NMDA-receptor antagonist ketamine anaesthetic

• No unconsciousness
• No muscle relaxation! -> tremor, hypertonia of muscles (catalepsy)
• Moderate analgesic activity

Xylazine+ ketamine: appropriate for inducing general anaesthesia

• Total unconsciousness
• Muscle relaxation
• Excellent analgesic activity
• Disadvantage: Long duration. No “antidote”

Question 3

Most toxic aminoglycoside?

Answer 3

Neomycin

Question 4

Doxycycline is in which group?

Answer 4

Tetracyclines (long acting)

Question 5

Xylazine. Effect and side effect?

Answer 5

Xylazine: α2-agonist sedato-hypnotic

• Pronounced sedation
• Hypnosis is rare
• Good muscle relaxation
• Dose-dependent analgesic activity
• Dose: I.M 5mg/kg bw
• Side effects: vomiting, bradycardia, arrhythmia

Question 6

Use of azithromycin?

Answer 6

• Derivative of erythromycin (macrolides) with better pharmacokinetics and longer half life.
• Good against:
• Respiratory infections: R. equi (pneumonia)
• Lyme disease
• Skin infection

Question 7

Which aminoglycoside and lincosamide can be combined to treat respiratory infections? (Mycoplasma sp.)

Answer 7

Spectinomycin (30S) and lincomycin (50S). Both are bacteriostatic and binds to both subunits of the ribosome when combined.

Question 8

What is the Sigmund test?

Answer 8

Pain causing agent (1% acetic acid I.P) in rat -> number of convulsions is counted. Negative control, detomidine and xylazine is injected in different rats to test analgesic effect.