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Obstetrics 1 midterm > Past q 2 > Flashcards

Past q 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Please indicate the incorrect statement.
A) The GnRH producing nuclei are located in the anterior pituitary.
B) The oxytocin producing nuclei are located in the hypothalamus.
C) Both the surge center and pulse center producing GnRH are located in the hypothalamus.
D) GnRH is transported to the hypophyseal stalk on a perineural way.
E) Oxytocin is transported to the posterior pituitary gland on a perineural way.

A

A) The GnRH producing nuclei are located in the anterior pituitary.

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2
Q

Please indicate the incorrect statement.
A) Melatonin is produced by the corpus pineale.
B) The daily melatonin pattern has an obvious circadian rhythm.
C) The plasma level of melatonin decreases in daylight and increases in the dark period.
D) Cyclic ovarian function can be induced with melatonin administration in ewes out of the
breeding season.
E) In mares the long periods of daily melatonin increase increases the cyclic ovarian activity.

A

E) In mares the long periods of daily melatonin increase increases the cyclic ovarian activity. (decrease of melatonin induces cyclic ovarian activity)

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3
Q

Please indicate the incorrect statement.
A) The GnRH-producing surge center of the hypothalamus must have an estradiol signal for
GnRH release.
B) The GnRH-producing surge center of the hypothalamus may be active in males of seasonal
breeder species during the breeding season.
C) The GnRH-producing surge center of the hypothalamus is active in females of seasonal
breeder species during the breeding season.
D) The GnRH-producing surge center of the hypothalamus is estradiol-sensitive in females of
seasonal breeder species during the breeding season.
E) At the time of puberty the GnRH-producing surge center of the hypothalamus becomes
estradiol-sensitive in females of seasonal breeder species.

A

B) The GnRH-producing surge center of the hypothalamus may be active in males of seasonal
breeder species during the breeding season.

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4
Q

Please indicate the incorrect statement.
A) GnRH is produced in the anterior pituitary
B) The hypophyseal vessels transporting the GnRH form a portal system.
C) In the hypothalamus separated nuclei are responsible for the tonic and preovulatory-like
GnRH release.
D) The pulse frequency of the tonic GnRH release is suppressed by progesterone.
E) The preovulatory-like GnRH release is triggered by 17beta-estradiol.

A

A (hypothalamus)

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5
Q

Please indicate the incorrect statement.
A) The protein chains of gonadotrop hormones consist of two separate (alpha & beta)
subunits.
B) eCG is the recent synonym of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG).
C) All gonadotrop hormones contain also significant quantity of carbohydrates (e.g. sialic
acid)
D) The correct order of gonadotrops in increasing molecular weight: LH/hCG/FSH/eCG
E) The molecular weight of LH smaller than that of the FSH.

A

D

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6
Q

Please indicate the incorrect statement.
A) In rabbit and ruminants the LH release challenged by a GnRH administration may be
suitable to mimic/induce the biological effects of preovulatory LH peak.
B) The hCG administration can mimic/induce the biological effects of preovulatory LH peak in
most of the species.
C) In dog and pig the LH release challenged by a GnRH administration, as a single method, is
usually not reliable enough to mimic/induce the biological effects of preovulatory LH peak.
D) In horse the LH release challenged by a GnRH administration, as a single method, is usually
reliable enough to mimic/induce the biological effects of preovulatory LH peak.
E) If we need FSH-like effect, eCG containing preparations should be administered.

A

E &D correct

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7
Q

Please indicate the incorrect statement.

A) Primordial follicles consist of about 30 flat granulosa cells the oocyte and surrounded by
basal membrane.
B) The size of primordial follicles is about 30-50 um in diameter.
C) Primary follicles consist of about 30-60 cuboidal granulose cells plus the oocyte.
D) Primary follicles need some local growth factors for their further differentiation.
E) Primary follicles can produce 17beta-estradiol and inhibin.

A

E) Primary follicles can produce 17beta-estradiol and inhibin.

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8
Q

Please indicate, what of the below statements related to the antral (tertiary/Graafian)
follicles, is incorrect.
A) The wall of antral follicles consists of multiple layer of granulose cells, basement
membrane, furthermore theca interna and externa cells.
B) The cells of theca interna have, but the granulosa cells do not have direct connection with
the capillary network.
C) The cells of the theca interna are capable of cholesterol intake directly from the capillary
network.
D) The granulosa cells are capable of cholesterol intake directly from the follicular fluid.
E) Also the granulosa cells produce steroid hormones.

A

D) The granulosa cells are capable of cholesterol intake directly from the follicular fluid.

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9
Q

Please indicate, what of the below statements related to the antral (tertiary/Graafian)
follicles, is correct.
A) The granulosa cells can produce 17beta-estradiol and inhibin.
B) The granulosa cells need inhibin for 17beta-estradiol production.
C) The IGF-1 (and insulin) content of the follicular fluid decreases the 17beta-estradiol
producing aromatase activity of granulose cells.
D) The granulosa cells need progesterone for the 17beta-estradiol production.
E) The theca interna cells need cortisol for 17beta-estradiol production.

A

A) The granulosa cells can produce 17beta-estradiol and inhibin.

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10
Q

Please indicate, what of the below statements related to the antral (tertiary/Graafian)
follicles, is correct.
A) The theca interna cells can produce 17beta-estradiol and inhibin.
B)The granulosa cells need inhibin for 17beta-estradiol production.
C) The IGF-1 (and insulin) content of the follicular fluid increases the 17beta-estradiol
producing aromatase activity of granulose cells.
D) The granulose cells need progesterone for the 17beta-estradiol production.
E) The theca interna cells need cortisol for 17beta-estradiol production.

A

C) The IGF-1 (and insulin) content of the follicular fluid increases the 17beta-estradiol
producing aromatase activity of granulose cells.

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11
Q

Please indicate, what of the below statements related to the uterus is incorrect.

A) Oxytocin and 17beta-estradiol increase the tonicity of myometrium.
B) Inhibin decreases the tonicity of myometrium.
C) The luteolytic PGF2alpha is synthesized in the endometrium.
D) The type of the bovine uterus is “Uterus bicornis subseptus”.
E) The type of equine uterus is “Uterus bicornis non-subseptus”.

A

B) Inhibin decreases the tonicity of myometrium.

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12
Q

Please indicate, what of the below statements related to the ovulation is incorrect.
A) The spontaneously ovulating domestic mammals: ruminants, horse, pig, dog
B) Domestic mammals with induced ovulation: Cat, ferret, camel
C) In spontaneous ovulators the preovulatory LH peak is triggered by the 17beta-estradiol
production of the dominant follicle.
D) In spontaneous ovulators the 17beta-estradiol production of the dominant follicle is the
only prerequisite of the formation of preovulatory LH peak.
E) In induced ovulators the 17beta-estradiol induces estrous signs and predispose for
ovulation, but the preovulatory LH peak is triggered by the vaginal insult of
mating/intromission plus the mating behavior.

A

D) In spontaneous ovulators the 17beta-estradiol production of the dominant follicle is the
only prerequisite of the formation of preovulatory LH peak.

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13
Q

Please indicate, what of the below statements related to the development and function of
corpus luteum, is incorrect.
A) During the formation of luteal tissue the theca interna cells develop to small luteal cells,
whereas the granulosa cells differentiate directly to large luteal cells.
B) The small luteal cells may have a further differentiation to large luteal cells.
C) In a cow or mare about 8-10 days after the ovulation about 80% of the total quantity of
progesterone is produced by the large luteal cells.
D) The corpus luteum can never been palpated rectally in cattle.
E) In a cow about 8-10 days after the ovulation the corpus luteum is about 15-20 mm in
diameter, and in most of the cases it is well-recognized by rectal palpation.

A

D) The corpus luteum can never been palpated rectally in cattle.

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14
Q

Please indicate, what of the below statements related to the luteolytic process of corpus
luteum, is incorrect.
A) The PGF2alpha produced by the endometrium is the known main luteolytic agent in most
of the domestic mammals.
B) Oxytocin is involved in the regulation of endometrial PGF2alpha release.
C) In ruminants there is a local utero-ovarian vascular coutercurrent diffusion system
transporting the endometrial PGF2alpha into the corpus luteum. According to this
mechanism the incidence of corpus luteum persistency is relatively seldom malfunction.
D) Certain quantity of PGF2alpha is produced also in the inflammatory processes.
E) Administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs increase the endometrial and
inflammatory production of PGF2alpha.

A

E) Administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs increase the endometrial and
inflammatory production of PGF2alpha.

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15
Q

Please indicate, what of the below statements related to the luteolytic process of corpus
luteum, is incorrect.

A) In ruminants the corpus luteum becomes PGF2alpha-sensitive 4 days after the ovulation.
B) In mares the corpus luteum becomes PGF2alpha-sensitive 5 days after the ovulation.
C) In pig the corpus luteum becomes PGF2alpha-sensitive 5 days after the ovulation.
D) Luteolysis is the apoptotic degeneration of luteal cells.
E) Most of the luteolytic effects of PGF2alpha are directed to the large luteal cells.

A

C) In pig the corpus luteum becomes PGF2alpha-sensitive 5 days after the ovulation.

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16
Q

Please indicate, what of the below statements related to the wave like development of
gonadotrop sensitive follicles is incorrect.
A) In cattel there are usually 2-3 waves in growth of follicles per cycle.
B) In sheep there are usually 3-4 waves in growth of follicles in most of the cycles, however,
the individual variability is important.
C) In pig there are usually 3-4 waves in growth of follicles per cycles.
D) In mares there is only 1 (or perhaps 2) wave(s) in growth of follicles per cycle.
E) In goat there are usually 3-5 waves in growth of follicles per cycle.

A

C) In pig there are usually 3-4 waves in growth of follicles per cycles.(only 1 wave)

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17
Q

Please indicate, what of the below statements related to the fertilization and early
embryonic development is incorrect.
A) At ovulation the oocyte is in the metaphase of the 2 nd meiotic cell division.
B) After fertilization the main function of the zona reaction is to prevent the penetration of
further spermatozoa.
C) The bovine embryo enters from the ovicuct to the uterine horn as an early blastocyst 7
days after the conception.
D) The pre-conceptional aging of oocyte predisposes for polyspermia.
E) The bovine embryo hatches from the zona pellucida on day 8-9 after conception.

A

D) The pre-conceptional aging of oocyte predisposes for polyspermia.

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18
Q

Please indicate, what of the below statements related to the maternal recognition of
pregnancy is incorrect.
A) Some hours after hatching from the zone pellucida the equine embryo starts an intensive
longitudinal growth. (elongation)
B) Some hours after hatching from the zona pellucida the ruminant and porcine embryos
start an internsive longitudinal growth (elongation)
C) In ruminatns the embryonic signal of maternal recognition of pregnancy is a protein
belonging to the interferon family (interferon-1)
D) In pig the embryonic signal in maternal recognition of pregnancy is estrogen-based.
E) In mares the embryonic signal of maternal recognition of pregnancy is a protein, however
its effect is combined/completed also with some estrogesn of embryonic origin.

A

A) Some hours after hatching from the zone pellucida the equine embryo starts an intensive
longitudinal growth. (elongation)

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19
Q

Please indicate, what of the below statements related to the varois pathogens of bovine
mastitis, is incorrect.
A) Str. uberis is one of the environmental mastitis pathogens.
B) Str. dysgalactiae is one of the envirnonmental mastits pathogens, although occasionally it
can also be transferred from cow to cow.
C) Corynebacterium bovis is one of the contagious mastitis pathogens.
D) E.coli is one of the contagious mastitis pathogens.
E) The capsule-producing ability is an important characteristic of mastitis-pathogen S.ausreus
strains.

A

B) Str. dysgalactiae is one of the envirnonmental mastits pathogens, although occasionally it
can also be transferred from cow to cow.

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20
Q

Please indicate, what of the below statements related to the somatic cell count of the milk,
is incorrect.
A) The SCC of the milk can be estimated also with California Mastitis Test.
B) The SCC of the milk can increase if samples are stored above +4 °C
C) The SCC of the milk is usually slightly higher at the end than at the beginning of the milking
procedure.
D) The SCC of the milk is more elevated at the end than during the peak lactation.
E) In Corynebacterium bovis infected quarters the SCC may be normal.

A

B) The SCC of the milk can increase if samples are stored above +4 °C

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21
Q

Which sign is not characteristic for starting a delivery?
A) vulva-oedema
B) foul-smelling discharge from the vagina
C) udder oedema and colostrum secretion
D) labour pains.

A

B) foul-smelling discharge from the vagina

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22
Q 
Which species has a refracted broken final part of the soft birth canal?
A) Dog
B) Horse
C) Cattle
D) Cat
A

A) Dog

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23
Q 
Which of these pain types is responsible for the expulsion of the placenta?
A) opening pains
B)expulsive pains
C) violent pains
D) after pains
A

D) after pains

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24
Q

How can you diagnose an internal uterine torsion in a cow?
A) by vaginal palpation
B) by vaginoscopy
C) by the appearance of violent labor pains
D) by rectal palpation

A

D) by rectal palpation

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25
Q 
What is the rectal palpation finding of a bovine corpus luteum?
A) liver-like
B) elastic
C) flaccid
D) densed elastic
A

A) liver-like

26
Q

Please indicate the incorrect statement, the case history in a parturient animal is not
suitable for:
A) Giving a correct diagnosis (as a single method), which has been set up by the
owner/farmer
B) Helping the veterinarian to set up a correct diagnosis
C) Proving, whether anybody else a previous examination been performed
D) To get information about the length of the recent pregnancy

A

A) Giving a correct diagnosis (as a single method), which has been set up by the
owner/farmer

27
Q

Which two diameters are important to determine the type of the pelvis?
A) Diameter obliqua maxima & Diameter transversa media
B) Diameter obliqua maxima &Diameter transversa aperturae pelvis cranialis intermedia
C) Conjugata vera &Diameter transversa aperturae pelvis caudalis
D) Conjugata vera&Diameter transvers aperturae pelvis cranialis intermedia

A

D) Conjugata vera&Diameter transvers aperturae pelvis cranialis intermedia

28
Q

Please, indicate the incorrect statement for the possibilities of solving the uterine torsion
in cows.
A) manual reposition through the vagina
B) rotation of the cow’s body (the wooden plank method)
C) laparoscopy
D) caesarean section

A

C) laparoscopy

29
Q 
Which term is incorrect?
A) dorsal (upright) position
B) foot-nape posture
C) dorsal transverse position
D) vertical presentation
A

C) dorsal transverse position(correct is presentation)

30
Q

Which statement is true?
A) absolute large fetuses do not survive
B) extraction can only be applied in a relatively large foal with a double sided hip flexion
C) the lack of eye and suckling reflexes do not obviously mean that the fetus has died
D) it is not necessary to continue the test extraction immediately with the allowed forced
extraction in a longitudinal anterior presentation

A

C) the lack of eye and suckling reflexes do not obviously mean that the fetus has died

31
Q

Which is not an abnormal presentation?
A) Ventral position of a foal foetus during the second trimester of pregnancy
B) Double sided hip flexion of a small calf fetus
C) Harms dog sitting position
D) Shoulder flexion of a piglet

A

A) Ventral position of a foal foetus during the second trimester of pregnancy

32
Q

Please mark the inappropriate statement.
A) The ventral surfaces of the hoofs are looking laterally.
B) (Oblique) ventro vertical presentation is also called as two horn pregnancy.
C) The most frequently occurring abnormal posture of the head is its lateral deviation:
D) The back of the fetus might be palpated in the birth canal during dorso transverse
presentation

A

B) (Oblique) ventro vertical presentation is also called as two horn pregnancy.

33
Q 
Please mark the synonym for Harm’s dog sitting position.
A) a vetro-vertical presentation
B) an oblique dorsal position
C) a dorso-transverse presenation
D) a ventral position
A

A) a vetro-vertical presentation

34
Q

Which statement is not correct?
A) The posterior presentation is abnormal
B) Ventral position of a fetus during the expulsive stage is abnormal
C) Anterior presentation is normal
D) Foot-nape posture is the milder (less severe) form of the downward displacement of the
head, during this, the two frontlegs are in the pelvic cavity, and the scull is pushed to the
pecten.

A

A) The posterior presentation is abnormal

35
Q

Which statement is not correct?
A) During a longitudinal posterior presentation, the flexion direction of the fetlock is opposite
to that of the first joint proximal to it.
B) The plantar surfaces of the hoofs/claws are facing upwards if the position is dorsal
C) There is a bony knob on the second joint proximal to the fetlock on the hind legs
D) In posterior presentation, the flexion direction of the metatarsophalangeal joint is the
same as that of the second joint proximal to it.

A

C) There is a bony knob on the second joint proximal to the fetlock on the hind legs(first joint proximal to fetlock is correct)

36
Q 
Which of these is a double monster?
A) Schistosoma reflexum
B) Perosomus elumbis
C) Hydrocephalus
D) Diprosopus
A

D) Diprosopus

37
Q 
Which moster type does not have an enlarged diameter of the head?
A) Amorphus globosus
B) Hydrocephalus internus
C) Hydrocephalokele
D) Hydrocephalus externus
A

A) Amorphus globosus

38
Q 
Which statement characterizes the amnitotic fluid?
A) Straw yellow
B) Water-like consistency
C) Egg-yolk-like consistency
D) in cat it can get dark green
A

C) Egg-yolk-like consistency

39
Q

What is methylcellulose?
A) a preparation often used to administer during paravertebral anaesthesia
B) a main component of the allantioc fluid
C) the main component of modern lubricants
D) a sedative

A

C) the main component of modern lubricants

40
Q 
In which case do we have to apply a test traction in the cow?
A) lateral deviation of the head
B) relative large fetus
C) incomplete extention of the elbow
D) torsio uteri externum
A

B) relative large fetus

41
Q

The following statement is true for the allowed forced extraction:
A) It should always be performed on a standing animal
B) A medium power person performs it during straining of the dam.
C) 3 to 4 medium power persons alternatingly pull the obstetrical chains/ropes, which have
been fixed to the legs and head of the fetus
D) Its purpose is to test whether a fetus can be born through the birth canal

A

C) 3 to 4 medium power persons alternatingly pull the obstetrical chains/ropes, which have
been fixed to the legs and head of the fetus

42
Q

Please mark the right statement.
A) The purpose of episiotomy is the distinction of left and right forms of uterine torsion.
B) Episiotomy has to be performed along the medial line between the vulva and the anal ring
in bitches (episiotomia media)
C) A dorsolateral cut for episiotomy can only be performed in cattle.
D) Because of the high risk of injuring large vessels, episiotomy should not be applied in
horses

A 
B) Episiotomy has to be performed along the medial line between the vulva and the anal ring
in bitches (episiotomia media)
43
Q

When would you perform an episiotomy in the cow?
A) in case of a dead fetus
B) in case of an abnormal presentation
C) in case of a monster
D) if only the last critical part of the soft birth canal is narrow and the fetus could pass the
pony part and the cervix.

A

D) if only the last critical part of the soft birth canal is narrow and the fetus could pass the
pony part and the cervix.

44
Q

Please mark the right statement.
In postpartum suckling beef cows the formation of preovulatory-like LH release is under a
beta-endorphin blockade
A) for at least 35-45 days after calving
B) for max 35-45 days after calving
C) for max 60-75 days after calving
D) due to the long-lasting energetic imbalance

A

A) for at least 35-45 days after calving

45
Q

Please mark the right statement.
In postpartum suckling beef cows the time of first postpartum ovulation is influenced by
the:
A) long-lasting energetic imbalance
B) protein overfeeding
C) manganese deficiency
D) body condition at calving, rather than the postpartum body condition loss

A

D) body condition at calving, rather than the postpartum body condition loss

46
Q

Please mark the incorrect statement.
In postpartum suckling beef cows the first postpartum ovulation can be induced by:
A) temporary calf removal
B) synthetic gestagen (norgestomet) + eCG administration
C) natural gestagen (progesterone) + eCG administration
D) introduction of bulls

A

D) introduction of bulls

47
Q

Please mark the right statement.
In postpartum (non-suckling) dairy cows:
A) the GnRH -› FSH + LH release is under a complete beta-endorphin blockade at least 35-45
days after calving
B) the GnRh -› FSH + LH release is under a complete beta-endorphin blockade for max. 5
days after calving
C) the first wave-like development of follicles recruits on 35-45 days after calving
D) the first dominant follicle develops not earlier than 35-45 days after calving

A

B) the GnRh -› FSH + LH release is under a complete beta-endorphin blockade for max. 5
days after calving

48
Q 
Please mark the incorrect statement.
In postpartum (non-suckling) dairy cows the first ovulation may interrelate with:
A) the nadir of energetic imbalance
B) the body condition at calving
C) the body condition loss after calving
D) beta-carotene – vitamin A deficiency
A

D) beta-carotene – vitamin A deficiency

49
Q

Please mark the incorrect statement.
In postpartum cows the most important predisposing factors for puerperal metritis:
A) retained fetal membranes
B) at calving: (unhygienic) manual assistance within the birth canal
C) at and just after calving: elevated levels of blood ketone
D) calving on a pasture land

A

D) calving on a pasture land

50
Q

Please mark the right statement.
On day 28 after calving your cow has abundant, mucopurulent cervical discharge
(estimated pus content: > 60%) and the diameter of cervix at the external orifice is about 8
cm. Wat is your diagnosis?
A) Puerperal metritis
B) clinical endometritis
C) pyometra
D) physiological course of uterine involution

A

B) clinical endometritis

51
Q

Please mark the incorrect statement.
In therapy of puerperal metritis
A) The intrauterine administration of oxytetracycline is the most traditional (but currently
less effective) antimicrobial therapy.
B) Due to the less sensitive character of the most uterine pathogens the dose of
oxytetracycline is about 2-4 g/animal currently.
C) It would be better not to use the high-dose (2-4 g/animal) intrauterine oxytetracycline
administration.
D) The local administration of first generation cephalosporins (cefapirine) is the most proper
way antimicrobial therapy.

A

D) The local administration of first generation cephalosporins (cefapirine) is the most proper
way antimicrobial therapy.

52
Q

Please mark the incorrect statement.
In therapy of puerperal metritis
A) The intrauterine efficacy of aminoglycosides (neomycin, gentamycin) is questionable
because of the low oxygen tension.
B) The administration of third and forth generation cephalosporins would be most proper
way antimicrobial therapy.
C) the intrauterine E.coli strains are less sensitive to third and forth generation
cephalosporins, than to first cephalosporins.
D) The administration on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs would be usually justified.

A

C) the intrauterine E.coli strains are less sensitive to third and forth generation
cephalosporins, than to first cephalosporins.

53
Q

Please mark the right statement.
The proper technique for diagnosis of subclinical endometritis in cattle:
A) Week 8-9 after calving or later: cytology of smear samples taken from the surface of the
endometrium with cytobrush technique or small volume lavage
B) Week 5-7 after calving: cytology of smear samples taken from the surface of the
endometrium with cytobrush technique or small volume lavage
C) Week 8-9 after calving or later: cytology of vaginal smear samples
D) Week 8-9 after calving or later: rectal palpation of uterus

A

A) Week 8-9 after calving or later: cytology of smear samples taken from the surface of the
endometrium with cytobrush technique or small volume lavage

54
Q 
Please mark, which of the below mastitis pathogens has minimal chance to survive in the
mammary gland during the dry period.
A) E.coli
B) Staph.aureus
C) Str.dysgalactiae
D) Str.uberis
A

A) E.coli

55
Q

Please mark, which of the below mastits pathogens has minimal chance for adherence on
the epithelial cells during the intramammary invasion:
A) E.coli
B) Staph.aureus
C) Str.dysgalactiae
D) Str.uberis

A

B) Staph.aureus

56
Q

One or more of the below statements related to the hypothalamic regulation of
reproduction is/are incorrect. Please indicate it/them.
A) The GnRH producing nuclei of hypothalamus are located in the ventrolateral wall of the
third ventricle.
B) The nucleus paraventricularis can produce oxytocin.
C) The nucleus supraopticus can produce GnRH.
D) The nucleus arcuatus can produce oxytocin.
E) The producer neurons transport the GnRH trough their axons to the superior hypophyseal
arteries located in the stalk of the pituitary.

A

C (Oxytocin), D (GnRH)

57
Q

One or more of the below statements related to the gonadotrop hormones is/are
incorrect. Please indicate it/them.
A) The biological half-life of FSH is <20-30 min
B) The biological half-life of LH is <20-30 min
C) The biological half-life of hCG is approx. 120 min
D) The biological half-life of FSH is approx. 120 min
E) The biological half-life of eCG is approx. 11 hours

A

B (120 min), C (11 h), D (20-30 min), E (1 d)

58
Q

One or more of the below statements related to the gonadotrop hormones is/are
incorrect. Please indicate it/them.
A) In mare the duration of preovulatory-like LH peak is about 6-8 hours.
B) In rabbit the duration of preovulatory-like LH peak is about 6-8 hours.
C) In ruminants the duration of preovulatory-like LH peak is about 6-8 hours.
D) In dog the duration of preovulatory-like LH peak is about 6-8 hours.
E) In pig the duration of preovulatory-like LH peak is about 6-8 hours.

A

A (3-5 d), D (24 h), E (24 h)

59
Q

One or more of the below statements related to the secondary follicles is/are incorrect.
Please indicate it/them.
A) The granulose cells in a secondary follicle have a multi-layer character.
B) In cattle the number of secondary follicles can be identified with rectal palpation.
C) In mares the secondary follicles can be identified only with transrectal ultrasonography.
D) Regardless of the species the size of secondary follicles is about 200-300 um in diameter.
E) The size of secondary follicles is larger in mares than in cows.

A

B, E

60
Q

One or more of the below statements related to the antral (tertiary/Graafian) follicles
is/are incorrect.
A) In the preovulatory stage the 17beta-estradiol production of granulose cells decreases.
B) In the preovulatory stage the progesterone production of granulose cells decreases.
C) In the preoculatory stage the progesterone production of granulose cells increases,
resulting in elevated level of this hormone in the follicular fluid.
D) As a consequence of the above phenomenon (point C) the progesterone level increases
also in the peripheral blood in ruminants.
E) As a consequence of the above phenomenon (point C) the progesterone level increases
also in the peripheral blood in dog.

A

B, D

Obstetrics 1 midterm (4 decks)

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