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Obstetrics 1 midterm > Past q 1 > Flashcards

Past q 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Indicate the incorrect

a) The GnRH producing nuclei are located in the anterior pituitary
b) the oxytocin producing nuclei are located in the hypothalamus
c) Both the surge center and pulse center producing GnRH are located in the hypothalamus
d) GnRH is transported to the hypophyseal stalk on a perineureal way
e) Oxytocin is transported to the posterior pituitary gland on a perineureal way

A

a) The GnRH producing nuclei are located in the anterior pituitary

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2
Q

Indicate the incorrect
a) Melatonin is produced in the corpus pineale
b) The daily melatonin pattern has an obvious circadian rhythm
c) The plasma level of melatonin decreases in daylight and increases in the dark period.
d) Cyclic ovarian function can be induced with melatonin administration in ewes out of the
breeding season.
e) In mares the long periods of daily melatonin increases the cyclic ovarian activity

A

e) In mares the long periods of daily melatonin increases the cyclic ovarian activity

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3
Q

Indicate the incorrect
a) The GnRH producing surge center of the hypothalamus must have an estradiol signal for
GnRH release.
b) The GnRH producing surge center of the hypothalamus is active in males of seasonal
breeder species during the breeding season.
c) The GnRH producing surge center of the hypothalamus is active in females of seasonal
breeder species during breeding season.
d) The GnRH producing surge center of the hypothalamus is estradiol sensitive in females of
seasonal breeder species during breeder season.
e) At the time of puberty the GnRH producing surge center of the hypothalamus becomes
estradiol sensitive in females of seasonal breeder species during breeder season.

A

b) The GnRH producing surge center of the hypothalamus is active in males of seasonal

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4
Q

Indicate the incorrect
a) GnRH is produced in the anterior pituitary
b) The hypophyseal vessels transporting the GnRH from a portal system.
c) In the hypothalamus separated nuclei are responsible for the tonic and preovulatory-like
GnRH release.
d) The pulse frequency of the tonic GnRH release is suppressed by progesterone.
e) The preovulatory-like GnRH release s triggered by 17 B estradiol.

A

a) GnRH is produced in the anterior pituitary

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5
Q

Indicate the incorrect

a) The protein chains of gonadotrop hormones consist of two (a and b) subunits.
b) eCG is the recent synonym of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG)
c) All gonadotrop hormones contain also significant quantity of carbohydrates.
d) The correct order of gonadotrops in increased molecular weight: LH/hCG/FSH/eCG
e) The molecular weight of LH is smaller than that of FSH

A

d) The correct order of gonadotrops in increased molecular weight: LH/hCG/FSH/eCG

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6
Q

Indicate the incorrect

a) The molecular weight of FSH is smaller than that of hCG.
b) The LH may be filtrated via the urine.
c) The FSH may be filtrated via urine
d) The hCG may be filtrated via urine
e) The eCG may be filtrated vi urine

A

e) The eCG may be filtrated vi urine

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7
Q

Indicate the incorrect

a) The biological half-life of FSH is ca. 120 min.
b) The biological half-life of LH is 20-30 min
c) The biological half-life of hCG is ca. 120 min
d) the biological half-life of LH is shorter than that of FSH
e) The biological half-life of eCG is ca. 26 hours.

A

c) The biological half-life of hCG is ca. 120 min

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8
Q

Indicate the incorrect

a) In mare the duration of preovulatory-like LH peak is ca. 3-5h
b) In rabbit the duration of preovulatory-like LH peak is ca. 6-8h
c) In ruminants the duration of preovulatory-like LH peak is ca. 6-8h
d) In dog the duration of preovulatory-like LH peak is ca. 24h
e) In pig the duration of preovulatory-like LH peak is ca. 24h

A

a) In mare the duration of preovulatory-like LH peak is ca. 3-5h

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9
Q

Indicate the incorrect
a) The dog ovulates ca. 24-48 (<72) hours after the preovulatory LH peak
b) The mare ovulates in the latest hours of the preovulatory LH peak (although the duration
of The preovultory LH elevation is unusually long)
c) The ewe and goat ovulates in the latest hours of the preovulatory LH peak
d) The pig ovulates ca. 40 hours after the onset of the preovulatory LH peak
e) the cow ovulated about 24-48 hours after the preovulatory LH peak

A

b) The mare ovulates in the latest hours of the preovulatory LH peak (although the duration
of The preovultory LH elevation is unusually long)

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10
Q

Indicate the incorrect
a) In rabbit and ruminants the LH release challenged by a GnRH administration may be
suitable to mimic/induce the biological effects of preovulatory LH peak.
b) The hCG administration can mimic/induce the biological effects of preovulatory LH peak in
most of the species
c) In dog and pig the LH release challenged by a GnRH administration, as a single method, is
usually not reliable enough to mimic/induce the biological effects of preovulatory LH peak
d) In horse the LH release challenged by a GnRH administration, as a single method, is usually
reliable enough to mimic/induce the biological effects of preovulatory LH peak
e) If we need FSH like effect, eCG containing preparation should be administered.

A

d) In horse the LH release challenged by a GnRH administration, as a single method, is usually
reliable enough to mimic/induce the biological effects of preovulatory LH peak

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11
Q

Indicate the incorrect
a) Primordial follicles consist of ca. 30 flat granulose cells plus the oocyte, and surrounded by
basal membrane
b) The size of primordial follicles is ca. 30-50 micrometer in diameter
c) Primary follicles consist of ca. 30-60 cuboidal granulose cells plus the oocyte.
d) Primary follicles need some local growth factors for their further differentiation
e) Primary follicles can produce 17 B estradiol and inhibin

A

e) Primary follicles can produce 17 B estradiol and inhibin

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12
Q

Indicate which statement related to the antral (tertiary) …… follicles is correct
a) The theca interna cells can produce 17 B estradiol and inhibin
b) The granulose cells need inhibin for 17 B estradiol production
c) The IGF-1 and insulin content of the follicular fluid increases the 17 B estradiol producing
aromatase activity of granulose cells.
d) The granulose cells need progesterone for the 17 B estradiol production
e) The theca interna cells need cortisol for 17 B estradiol production

A

c) The IGF-1 and insulin content of the follicular fluid increases the 17 B estradiol producing
aromatase activity of granulose cells.

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13
Q

Indicate the statement related to the estrus …. Is correct
a) During the estrus the quality of cervical discharge is grayish and sticky
b) At the beginning of the estrus cows tease the others, but at that time they are noe really
sexually receptive
c) During the estrus the toricity? Of the myometrium is decreased
d) In cows the preovulatory follicle can be palpated rectally, as a smooth surfaced,
spherically, tightly, softly fluctuation structure, <10mm in diameter
e) During the estrus the ion (Na and CL) content of the vaginal discharge decreases

A

b) At the beginning of the estrus cows tease the others, but at that time they are noe really
sexually receptive

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14
Q

Indicate which statement related to the various pathogens of bovine mastitis is incorrect
a) Str. Cuberis is one of the environmental mastitis pathogens.
b) Str. Dysgalactiae is one of the environmental mastitis pathogens although occasionally it
can also be transferred from cow to cow.
c) corynebacterium bovis is one of the contagious mastitis pathogens.
d) E. coli is one of the contagious mastitis pathogens.
e) The capsule producing ability is as important characteristic of mastitis …. …. Strains.

A

b) Str. Dysgalactiae is one of the environmental mastitis pathogens although occasionally it
can also be transferred from cow to cow.

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15
Q

Indicate which one is related to the somatic cell count of the milk
a) The SCC of the milk can be estimated also with California mastitis test
b) The SCC of the milk can increase if samples are stored above +4 degree C
c) The SCC of the milk is usually slightly higher at the end than at the beginning of the milking
procedure
d) The SCC of the milk is more elevated at the end than during the peak lactation.
e) In corynebacterium bovis infected quarters the SCC may be normal.

A

b) The SCC of the milk can increase if samples are stored above +4 degree C

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16
Q

What is responsible for the induction of PGF2α synthesis by the endometrium at the beginning of the
luteolysis in the cow?
a) Bovine IFN-tau produced by the embryo.
b) Relaxin produced by the placenta.
c) Progesterone produced by the luteal cells.
d) Oxytocin produced by the luteal cells.

A

d) Oxytocin produced by the luteal cells.

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17
Q

Indicate the incorrect statement
a) Different group of neurons are responsible for the tonic and pre-ovulatory-like GnRH release from the
hypothalamus.
b) GnRH transported to the adenohypophysis via the portal plexus.
c) GnRH is produced in the anterior pituitary.
d) Oxytocin is produced by the paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus.

A

c) GnRH is produced in the anterior pituitary.

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18
Q

What does puberty mean in domestic animals?

a) Age for first breeding.
b) Maturation of genital organs and start of cyclic sexual activity.
c) Reaching the full body size and conformation.
d) Time of the first conception.

A

b) Maturation of genital organs and start of cyclic sexual activity.

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19
Q

What is typical for the equine estrous cycle?

a) Polyoestrous species with 21-day-long cycles throughout the year.
b) Polyoestrous species with 17-day-long cycles throughout the year.
c) Seasonally polyoestrous long day breeder species.
d) Seasonally polyoestrous short day breeder species.

A

c) Seasonally polyoestrous long day breeder species.

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20
Q

What is the optimum time for insemination in cattle?

a) By the first clinical signs of heat.
b) At peak of the clinical heat symptoms.
c) Second half/last third of the heat.
d) 12-18 hours after the end of clinical signs of the estrous.

A

b) At peak of the clinical heat symptoms.

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21
Q

In the sow, the maternal recognition of pregnancy is based on the production of:

a) Progesterone
b) Pregnancy specific hormone B
c) Estradiol
d) Pregnancy associated glycoprotein

A

c) Estradiol

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22
Q

What is the time of ovulation in cattle?

a) At the first clinical sign of heat.
b) At the peak of clinical heat symptoms.
c) Second half/last third of the heat.
d) 12-18 hours after the end of clinical estrous signs.

A

c) Second half/last third of the heat.

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23
Q

Which statement is true regarding the hormonal background of cattle ovulation?

a) Ovulation takes place at maximal E2 level.
b) Ovulation takes place when the P4 level exceed 2ng/ml.
c) Ovulation is triggered by luteolysis levels of PGF2α.
d) Ovulation takes place 24-30 hours after the LH peak.

A

a) Ovulation takes place at maximal E2 level.

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24
Q

Which hormone elevation in the fetus is the very first signal inducing the parturition in bovine?

a) ACTH + Cortisol
b) PGF2α + Oxytocin
c) Estradiol + Progesterone
d) Relaxin

A

a) ACTH + Cortisol

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25
Q

How many stages does the parturition have in the cow?

a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5

A

b) 3

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26
Q 
One of the below statements concerning the induction of parturition in the cow is incorrect. Parturition
can be induced with:
a) Relaxin
b) Corticosteroids
c) PGF2α and analogues
d) PGF2α and corticosteroid
A

a) Relaxin

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27
Q

How does a PGF2α treatment with therapeutic dose at the day after parturition act on the uterine
contractility?
a) Enhances
b) Inhibits
c) Does not act on it
d) Enhances on the frequency of contractions but does not influence their intensity

A

c) Does not act on it

28
Q

What characterizes uterine contractility of normo-calemic cows with retinal foetal membranes as
related to healthy controls within 2 days post-partum?
a) Weaker
b) Same magnitude
c) Stronger
d) Total inactivity

A

a) Weaker

29
Q

What would you use as first choice to treat puerperal paresis?

a) IM vitamin D
b) Diet rich in cations
c) PO calcium chloride
d) IV calcium gluconicum

A

d) IV calcium gluconicum

30
Q

Indicate the correct statement:

a) Involution in dairy cow is always completely finished before the first ovulation.
b) Lochia in physiological conditions is a watery, brownish, foul smelling liquid.
c) Blood progesterone (P4) level is high during early involution
d) Size of the uterus is decreased to approx. its half within 10 days post-partum.
e) Following physiological calving, the uterus can be considered sterile.

A

d) Size of the uterus is decreased to approx. its half within 10 days post-partum.

31
Q

Please choose the one of the bacterial species given below, which presence in the uterus on days 28-
35 post-partum is linearly correlated with impaired reproduction performance later:
a) Escherichia coli
b) Streptococcus uberis
c) Prevotella bivia
d) Trueperella (Araconobacteriu,) pyogenes
e) Histophilus somni

A

d) Trueperella (Araconobacteriu,) pyogenes

32
Q

Please evaluate the below statements about clinical examination of different forms of metritis. Indicate
the correct statement:
a) One clinical examination upon transfer from calving unit to production group (i.1. 4-6 days post-partum)
is enough.
b) General clinical examination, taking rectal temperature and observation of genitals provide good
enough information for the diagnosis.
c) To establish the diagnosis of sub-clinical endometritis, ultrasonography is necessary.
d) If no spontaneous shedding of discharge takes place, collection from the carnival orifice either
manually or using appropriate tool is strongly advised.

A

d) If no spontaneous shedding of discharge takes place, collection from the carnival orifice either
manually or using appropriate tool is strongly advised.

33
Q

How can the post-partial negative energy balance be prevented or decreased?
a) With maximal energy intake during the dry period.
b) By restricted feeding during the dry period, followed by ad libitum feeding with maximal energy content
during lactation.
c) Maximal energy intake during the dry period and restricted feeding after calving.
d) Feeding only with energy-rich concentrate after calving.

A

b) By restricted feeding during the dry period, followed by ad libitum feeding with maximal energy content
during lactation.

34
Q

When does the estrous cycle reinitiate after parturition in dairy cows?

a) 23+/- 7 days
b) 42+/- 7 days
c) 70+/- 7 days

A

b) 42+/- 7 days

35
Q

The order of hormonal treatments at the Co-Synch protocol?

a) GnRH + PGF2α + GnRH + AI
b) Progesterone + PGF2α
c) PGF2α + PGF2α

A

a) GnRH + PGF2α + GnRH + AI

36
Q

For how many days the developing corpus luteum is not able to respond to prostaglandin treatment?

a) 6 days
b) 2 days
c) 10 days
d) It is able to respond immediately.

A

a) 6 days

37
Q

What does silent heat mean?

a) No clinical signs of heat.
b) No corpus luteum develops.
c) No follicle develops.
d) No sound is given by the animal.

A

a) No clinical signs of heat.

38
Q

How can you diagnose an internal uterine torsion in cow?

a) Vaginal palpation
b) Vaginoscopy
c) Rectal palpation
d) Laparotomy

A

c) Rectal palpation

39
Q

Which species is not polyoestrous?

a) Cat
b) Horse
c) Ruminant
d) Dog
e) Swine

A

d) Dog

40
Q

Choose the proper answer for a fetus in (oblique)
dorso-vertical presentation
a) Only Krey-Schottler’s double hook can be used
during reposition.
b) The legs of the fetus are usually available.
c) We can use a Caemerer’s torsion fork for reposition.
d) We can try with halving the body of the fetus.

A

d) We can try with halving the body of the fetus.

41
Q

At what stage does the differentiation of cells starts?

a) 4-8 cell stage
b) 2-4 cell stage
c) Fertilization
d) Blastocyct stage

A

d) Blastocyct stage

42
Q

What type of placenta does cattle have?

a) Haemochorial discoid
b) Endotheliochorial diffuse
c) Endotheliochorial cotelydon
d) Epitheliochorial cotelydon

A

d) Epitheliochorial cotelydon

43
Q

What is the fertile lifespan of spermatozoa in dogs?

a) 9-11 days
b) 3-5 days
c) 13-15 days

A

a) 9-11 days

44
Q

Which statement is correct?

a) In males both the tonic and the surge centre is found
b) In females only the tonic centre is found
c) In males there is only tonic centre, but no surge centre
d) Female reproductive organs originate from Wolfian
e) In males neither the tonic nor the surge center is found

A

c) In males there is only tonic centre, but no surge centre

45
Q

What is the palpation finding of a follicle in bovine?

a) Fluctating
b) Flaccid
c) Elastic
d) Densed elastic

A

a) Fluctating

46
Q

Choose the only one incorrect statement during the Götze-method of total fetotomy: -

a) We use a diagonal backrunning cut for the thorax
b) We cut the head and the neck
c) We cut the pelvis between the legs
d) Evisceration

A

a) We use a diagonal backrunning cut for the thorax

47
Q

What can be used to fix lateral head deviation?

a) Saake snare
b) Gagny loop
c) ostertag eyehook
d) Manually by hand only

A

b) Gagny loop

48
Q

When does animal return to cyclicity after parturition?

a) After 10 days in dairy cattle
b) After 40 days in both dairy and beef cattle
c) After 20(?) d in dairy and about 3-4 months in suckling beef cattle
d) After 40 days in dairy and 60 beef cattle

A

c) After 20(?) d in dairy and about 3-4 months in suckling beef cattle

49
Q

How can be prevent the worst effects of NEB?

a) Feeding only high energy concentrate after calving
b) Restricting the feeding during the dry period, and feeding high energy feed during lactation
c) Feed large quantity of high energy food during dry period

A

b) Restricting the feeding during the dry period, and feeding high energy feed during lactation

50
Q

Which one is not part of the abnormal forelimb postures?

a) Shoulder flexion
b) Incomplete elbow extension
c) Head-breast posture
d) Carpal flexion

A

c) Head-breast posture

51
Q

When is the fetal membrane expelled?

a) With the calf
b) Within 24 hours of calving
c) Within the 1st hour after calving
d) Within 2 hours of calving

A

b) Within 24 hours of calving

52
Q

When is methyl cellulose used in calving?

a) To open birth canal
b) If lubricant is needed
c) If fluid therapy is necessary

A

b) If lubricant is needed

53
Q

Which is incorrect for primary follicle?

a) Produces inhibin and estrogen
b) Primary follicles can produce 17 beta-estradiol and inhibin

A

b) Primary follicles can produce 17 beta-estradiol and inhibin

54
Q

When is the foetal membranes expelled?

a) At stage 1
b) At stage 2
c) At stage 3
d) Together with foetus

A

c) At stage 3

55
Q

Which is a reflex ovulator?

A

Cat

56
Q

What is puberty?

a) When the animal has reached adult body weight
b) When the animal has mature sexual organs and starts cycling
c) First calving

A

b) When the animal has mature sexual organs and starts cycling

57
Q

Maternal recognition in pigs:

A

Estradiol

58
Q

How can you diagnose internal uterine torsion in a cow?

A

By rectal palpation

59
Q

What is the optimum time for insemination in the cattle?

A

Second half / Last third of heat

60
Q

First choice of treatment for parturient paresis?

A

400ml 40% calcium borogluconate (12g Ca) given IV into the jugular vein over 5-10 mins at body
temperature

61
Q

What is the time of ovulation in cattle?

A

10-11 hours after END of estrus

62
Q

Which hormone level in the foetus is the first signal inducing parturition?

A

ACTH + Cortisol

63
Q

One of the below statements concerning induction of parturition in the cow is incorrect. Parturition can
be induced with:

A

Relaxin

64
Q

What characterizes uterine contractility of normocalcemic cows with RFM as related to healthy
controls within 2 days PP?

A

Weaker

65
Q

What does silent heat mean?

A

No clinical signs of heat

Obstetrics 1 midterm (4 decks)

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