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Toxicology > Past q 14.10.09 > Flashcards

Past q 14.10.09 Flashcards

1
Q

Which mechanism of effect is true for NSAIDs?

A

Both
 They can cause duodenal ulcers
 They cause vasoconstriction and damage of the kidneys

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2
Q

Which of the following mechanisms of effect is characteristic for lead?

A

Inhibits camp-activity in the brain

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3
Q

Which compound damages selectively the cell membrane through the on channel?

A

Nicotine

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4
Q

Which toxin is found in newts?

A

Tetrodotoxin

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5
Q

Which clinical signs are caused by Spurge spp.?

A

Both
 Haematuria, icterus
 Stomatitis, bloody diarrhoea

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6
Q

What are the gross pathological findings in hydrogen sulphide toxicosis?

A

Both
 Conjunctivitis
 Lung odema

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7
Q

What kind of treatment would you use in methylaldehyde poisoning?

A

Barbiturates

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8
Q

From an aspect of membrane transport, which property of the xenobiotic is important?

A

Both
 The similarity to endogenous substances
 Lipid solubility

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9
Q

Which statement is true of nitrate-nitrite?

A

Both
 Nitrite is responsible for the production of Methaemoglobin
 Primarily the high nitrate content of the plant causes poisoning

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10
Q

Which compound accumulates in the fat tissue?

A

Organochlorines

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11
Q

Which substance binds to amino acid-type receptor?

A

Strychnine

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12
Q

Which clinical feature is characteristic to chlorine gas toxicosis?

A

Neither:
 Anaemia nor
 Behavioural signs

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13
Q

Which of following mechanism of effect is characteristic to lead?

A

Blocks the enzymes delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase, coprogenase, and haem synthase

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14
Q

Which statement is true?

A

Antioxidants decrease the toxicity of aflatoxin

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15
Q

Which statement is true of biochemical mode of damaging?

A

It depends on the fine chemical structure of the substance

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16
Q

Which animal organism contains ciguatoxin?

A

Fish

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17
Q

Which medicine is useful in the treatment of poisoning caused by viperid snakes?

A

Both
 Cardiorespiratory stimulants
 Analgesics

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18
Q

Which mechanism of effect is characteristic to carbon monoxide?

A

Bonds reversibly to haemoglobin, rendering it incapable of oxygen transport

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19
Q

Which pathological alteration is characteristic to poisoning by Solanum spp.?

A

Both
 Cerebral odema, pulmonary oedema
 Subserosal haemorrhages

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20
Q

Which mechanism of action is not characteristic to ethylene glycol?

A

Inhibits the function of alcohol dehydrogenase
Characteristic:
 It passes through the blood-brain barrier
 It binds with ionized calcium to form calcium oxalate crystals
 Its acidic metabolites cause acidosis

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21
Q

Which is a clinical feature of NSAID toxicosis?

A

Both
 Polyuria, polydipsia
 Vomiting, bloody diarrhoea

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22
Q

Which compound is found in the poison of poison-arrow frogs?

A

Batrachotoxin

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23
Q

Which medicine is useful in the treatment of ochratoxin poisoning?

A

Both
 Feed additives (antioxidants, vitamins, trace elements)
 Supportive therapy for kidney

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24
Q

Which is the most toxic ochratoxin?

A

A

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25
Q

What are the gross pathological signs of methylxanthine toxicosis?

A

Both
 Gastroenteritis
 Congestion of the parenchymal organs

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26
Q

What mechanism of effect is true for NSAIDs?

A

Both
 Inhibit prostaglandin synthesis
 They inhibit ATP synthesis in kidney tubule cells

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27
Q

Which substance is found in Hydrangea spp.?

A

Hydrangin

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28
Q

Which statement is true of nitrate-nitrite?

A

Both
 Methaemoglobin results from the presence of nitrite
 Monogastric animals are less sensitive to nitrates

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29
Q

Which antidote can be used in zinc toxicosis?

A

Both
 Ca Na EDTA
 D-penicillamine

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30
Q

Which statement is true?

A

Those compounds can be absorbed readily from the gastrointestinal tract which have high lipid-water
distribution co-efficient

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31
Q

What is the main toxic compound of Hemlock?

32
Q

Which clinical signs are caused by Hydrangea spp.?

A

Both
 Tachypnoe, respiratory distress
 Vomiting, bloody diarrhoea

33
Q

Which animal organism contains tetradotoxin?

34
Q

In which case are the emetic agents indicated?

A

Generally within 2 hours after oral intake of poison|

35
Q

Which statement is true for anticoagulant rodenticides?

A

Both
 Vitamin K can be given as an antidote
 The toxicity of drugs of the 2nd generation is much more pronounced

35
Q

Which is the most toxic ochratoxin?

36
Q

Which change of chemical structure can increase the toxicity of narasin in rabbits?

A

Substitution of methyl group

36
Q

What are the gross pathological signs of methylxanthine toxicosis?

A

Both
 Gastroenteritis
 Congestion of the parenchymal organs

37
Q

What does food toxicology deal with?

A

Harmful effects of xenobiotic residues in feedstuff

37
Q

What mechanism of effect is true for NSAIDs?

A

Both
 Inhibit prostaglandin synthesis
 They inhibit ATP synthesis in kidney tubule cells

38
Q

Which clinical signs is not characteristic to ethylene glycol poisoning?

A 
 Diarrhoea
Characteristic:
 Kidney failure
 Flaccid paralysis of hind limbs
 Albuminuria
38
Q

Which substance is found in Hydrangea spp.?

39
Q

Which plant is known to cause damage primarily to the cardiovascular system?

39
Q

Which statement is true of nitrate-nitrite?

A

Both
 Methaemoglobin results from the presence of nitrite
 Monogastric animals are less sensitive to nitrates

40
Q

Due to their effect, the amount of ionized calcium is reduced in the blood:

40
Q

Which antidote can be used in zinc toxicosis?

A

Both
 Ca Na EDTA
 D-penicillamine

41
Q

Which antidote is useful in cyanide poisoning?

A

Sodium thiosulphate

41
Q

Which statement is true?

A

Those compounds can be absorbed readily from the gastrointestinal tract which have high lipid-water
distribution co-efficient

42
Q

What is characteristic to the kinetic profile of aflatoxin?

A

Aflatoxin B1 accumulates in high amounts in liver, kidney, bone marrow, and lungs

42
Q

What is the main toxic compound of Hemlock?

43
Q

What is the consequence if a xenobiotic binds to the components of the blood?

A

The concentration of free molecules are decreased

43
Q

Which clinical signs are caused by Hydrangea spp.?

A

Both
 Tachypnoe, respiratory distress
 Vomiting, bloody diarrhoea

44
Q

Which mechanism of effect is characteristic to sulphur dioxide?

A

Neither
Neither:
 Inhibits respiratory enzymes nor
 Stimulates the glomum caroticum

44
Q

Which animal organism contains tetradotoxin?

45
Q

Which statement is true?

A

Both
 The xenobiotic can bind to the soluble enzymes if its structures is similar to endogenous ligand
 The soluble enzymes are not receptors

45
Q

In which case are the emetic agents indicated?

A

Generally within 2 hours after oral intake of poison

46
Q

Which pathological alteration is characteristic in nitrate-nitrite poisoning?

A

Both
 Vasodilation of the mesenteric vein
 Tissues are chocolate brown

46
Q

Which statement is true for anticoagulant rodenticides?

A

Both
 Vitamin K can be given as an antidote
 The toxicity of drugs of the 2nd generation is much more pronounced

47
Q

Which statement is true for phosphine and phosphides?

A

Both
 Causes acute toxicity, death can occur within a few hours
 They are responsible for the acetylene odour of the vomitus and the expired air

47
Q

Which change of chemical structure can increase the toxicity of narasin in rabbits?

A

Substitution of methyl group

48
Q

What is the recommended dose of sodium thiosulphate in arsenic poisoning?

A

30-40 mg/kg bw

48
Q

What does food toxicology deal with?

A

What does food toxicology deal with?

49
Q

Which medicine decreases convulsions by acting as a central muscle relaxant?

A

Guaifenesine

49
Q

Which clinical signs is not characteristic to ethylene glycol poisoning?

A 
 Diarrhoea
Characteristic:
 Kidney failure
 Flaccid paralysis of hind limbs
 Albuminuria
50
Q

Which clinical signs are caused by Rhododendron spp.?

A

Both
 Vomiting, diarrhoea
 Trembling, staggering

50
Q

Which plant is known to cause damage primarily to the cardiovascular system?

51
Q

Due to their effect, the amount of ionized calcium is reduced in the blood:

52
Q

Which antidote is useful in cyanide poisoning?

A

Sodium thiosulphate

53
Q

What is characteristic to the kinetic profile of aflatoxin?

A

Aflatoxin B1 accumulates in high amounts in liver, kidney, bone marrow, and lungs

54
Q

What is the consequence if a xenobiotic binds to the components of the blood?

A

The concentration of free molecules are decreased

55
Q

Which mechanism of effect is characteristic to sulphur dioxide?

A

Neither:
 Inhibits respiratory enzymes nor
 Stimulates the glomum caroticum.

56
Q

Which statement is true?

A

Both
 The xenobiotic can bind to the soluble enzymes if its structures is similar to endogenous ligand
 The soluble enzymes are not receptors

57
Q

Which pathological alteration is characteristic in nitrate-nitrite poisoning?

A

Both
 Vasodilation of the mesenteric vein
 Tissues are chocolate brown

58
Q

Which statement is true for phosphine and phosphides?

A

Both
 Causes acute toxicity, death can occur within a few hours
 They are responsible for the acetylene odour of the vomitus and the expired air

59
Q

What is the recommended dose of sodium thiosulphate in arsenic poisoning?

A

30-40 mg/kg bw

60
Q

Which medicine decreases convulsions by acting as a central muscle relaxant?

A

Guaifenesine

61
Q

Which clinical signs are caused by Rhododendron spp.?

A

Both
 Vomiting, diarrhoea
 Trembling, staggering

Toxicology (8 decks)

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