Past Perfect

Question 1

Past perfect : گذشته کامل، ماضی بعید

Answer 1

در معنای تحت‌الفظی به معنای گذشته دور
به فعلی که در زمان گذشته دورتر( نسبت به زمان حال یا نسبت به گذشته ساده) رخ دهد.
ماضی بعید از گذشته می‌گوید اما گذشته‌ای که پیش از انجام کامل فعل، در جریان بوده است.

Question 2

مثال فارسی ماضی بعید

Answer 2

فرض کنید الان ساعت ۱۰ صبح باشد( زمان حال) و شما ساعت ۸ به مدرسه رفتید و زنگ مدرسه ساعت ۷ زده می‌شود
فاصله زمانی کدامیک از زمان حال دورتر است؟
ساعت ۷
بنابراین می‌گوییم

وقتی من به مدرسه رسیدم، زنگ خورده بود.

Question 3

The past perfect simple is

Answer 3

Had+ past participle

Question 4

The past perfect simple

Answer 4

Use it to describe an action that occurred before a specific time in the past.

Sometimes we talk about someting that happened in the past:

Sarah arrived at the party.

This is the starting point of the story. Then, if we want to talk about things that happened before this time, we use the past perfect

When Sarah arrived at the party, Paul had already gone home.

Question 5

More example of past perfect

Answer 5

When we got home last night, we found that somebody had broken into the flat.

Karen didn’t want to go to the cinema with us because she’d already seen the movie.

At first I thought I’d done the right thing, but I soon realised that I’d made a big mistake.

The man sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous. He hadn’t flown before.

Question 6

Compare present perfect and past perfect

Answer 6

Present perfect

———————————|————–
Past ( have seen) Now

Who is that woman? I’ve seen her before, but I can’t remember where.

We aren’t hungry. We’ve just had lunch.

The house is dirty. They’ve haven’t cleaned it for weeks.

Question 7

Compare present perfect and past perfect 2

Answer 7

Past perfect

————————–|————————|————–
(Had seen) Past Now

I wasn’t sure who she was. I’d seen her before, but I couldn’t remember where.

We weren’t hungry. We’d just had lunch.

The house was dirty. They hadn’t cleaned it for weeks.

Question 8

Compare past simple and past perfect:

Answer 8

Past simple:

Was Tome there when you arrived?
Yes, but he left soon afterward.

Past perfect :

Was Tome there when you arrived?
No, he had already left.

Past simple:

Kate wasn’t at home when I phoned.
She was at her mother’s house.

Past perfect:

Kate had just got home when I phoned.
She had been at her mother’s house.

Question 9

Time makers by, already and yet are often used with past perfect

Answer 9

By four o’clock the tour had begun.
They had already eaten when their friends called.
When the flight took off, the storm hadn’t started yet.