Past papers midt 2 1st semester

Question 1

in Wegener granulomatosis :

a. ) large elastic arteries are affected
b. ) small to medium sized arteries are affected
c. ) autoantibodies against endothelial cells are present
d. ) C-ANCA antibodies are present

Answer 1

B and D

Question 2

153. ) characteristic for Wegener granulomatosis
     a. ) multifocall necrotizing pulmonary artery granulomas (lung)
     b. ) myocardial infarction (heart is rarely effected)
     c. ) focal necrotizing thrombogenic vasculitis of isolated glomeruli (kidney)
     d. ) good prognosis if untreated

Answer 2

A, C

Question 3

154. ) Wegener triade in wegerners granulomatosis
     a. ) granulomas, vasculitis , pulmonary involvement
     b. ) granulomas , respiratory tract involvement , glomerulonephritis
     c. ) granulomas, vasculitis of small and medium sized arteries , glomerulonephritis
     d. ) granulomas, vasculitis, myocardial infaction

Answer 3

B

Question 4

155. ) difference between giant cell arteritis and takayasu arteritis (2correct)
     a. ) granuloma formation in giant cell arteritis (characterizes it)
     b. ) giant cell arteritis affects people over 50 (>55y)
     c. ) progressive luminal narrowing in takayasu arteritis
     d. ) pulmonary involvement in takayasu arteritis

Answer 4

B, C

Question 5

156. ) which vasculitis is also called the pulsless disease
     a. ) giant cell arteritis because its granulomas limit blood flow
     b. ) polyarteritis nodosa because renal involvement decreases blood pressure
     c. ) Kawasaki diseases bc aneurysm formation decreases blood flow
     d. ) Takayasu arteritis weakens the pulse of the upper extremities

Answer 5

D

Question 6

157.)
the aorta of young women is affected by :
a.) polyarteritis nodosa
b.) Takayasu arteritis (usually Asians)
c.) Crohn citizens
d.) Raynauds syndrome ( upper limb veins !)
e.) syphilitic andarteritis obliterans

Answer 6

B

Question 7

158. ) which vasculitis type is NOT associated wth ANCA antibodies ? ( 2 correct )
     a. ) Wegener granlomatosis
     b. ) Microscopic polyarteritis
     c. ) polyarteritis nodosa
     d. ) Chrug strauss
     e. ) giant cell arteritis

Answer 7

C, E

Question 8

159. ) polyarteritis nodosa (2 correct) :
     a. ) commonly in women
     b. ) pulmonary involvement
     c. ) pronounced renal involvement
     d. ) affect the whole arterial tree
     e. ) is a segmental transmural necrotizing inflammation

Answer 8

C,E

Question 9

160. ) characteristic for polyarteritis nodosa ( 2 correct):
     a. ) granuloma formation
     b. ) ANCA antibodies and ADCC ( antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity)
     c. ) mainly affects vessels of : kidney , heart , liver and GI
     d. ) rapid hypertension due to renal a. involvement

Answer 9

C,D

Question 10

161.)
leads to polyarteritis nodosa  
a.) contraceptives  
b.) heavy smoking  
c.) greasy food  
d.) strong alcoholism  
e.) congenital heart diseases

Answer 10

B

Question 11

162. ) histological appearance of polyarteritis nodosa (2correct)
     a. ) in elastic arteries
     b. ) fibrinoid necrosis of small arteries
     c. ) in muscular arteries
     d. ) in large arteries

Answer 11

B, C

Question 12

163.)
characteristic for polyarteritis nodosa EXCEPT :
a.affects small to medium sized vessels
b.most frequently in middle age
c.affects lungs
d. acute necrotic arteriolitis affecting all vessel wall layers

Answer 12

C

most frequent in young adults

Question 13

164. ) kindey biopsy can diagnose this diseases EXCEPT :
     a. ) Wegener granulomatosis
     b. ) amyloidosis
     c. ) arteriosclerosis
     d. ) giant cell arteritis
     e. ) polyarteritis nodosa

Answer 13

D

Question 14

characteristic for Kawasaky disease: ( 2correct)

a. in the aorta of young women
b. in childhood (under five years old)
c. primarily involves renal arteries
d. primarily involves coronary arteries (can cause aneurysm)

Answer 14

B, D

Question 15

possible complication of kawasaky disease ( 2 correct) : a.coronary aneurysm , rupture and thrombosis

b. malignant hypertension
c. conjunctival and oral erythema
d. blindness

Answer 15

A, C

Question 16

167.) muscle cells ?
Which vasculitis is associated with autoantibodies against endothelial and smooth muscle cells ?
a.) Wegener granulomatosis (ANCA antibodies)
b.) microscopic polyarteritis (same)
c.) kawasaky disease
d.) chrug strauss (same)

Answer 16

C

Question 17

168. ) characteristic for microscopic polyangiitis ( 2correct):
     a. ) affects large muscular arteries
     b. ) affects segments of small arteries , capillaries and venules
     c. ) all arterial lesions are of the same age
     d. ) coronary artery thrombosis

Answer 17

B, C

Question 18

169.) causes of microscopic polyangiitis ( 3correct) :
a.) peniciline and sulfamide induced necrotizing arteritis
b.) food hypersensitivity
c.) PLANCA antibodies against offending agent ( here we talk about RBCs with absorbed
peniciline ! )
d.) secondary to henoch schönlein purpura

Answer 18

A,C,D

Question 19

170. ) possible complications of microscopic polyangiitis ( 2 correct) :
     a. ) necrotizing glomerulonephritis
     b. ) myocardial infarction
     c. ) necrotizing pulmonary arteritis
     d. ) macroscopic infactions

Answer 19

X (A,C)

Question 20

171. ) characteristic for infectious vasculitis
     a. ) caused by viral infections
     b. ) caused by direct invasion of vessel wall by bacteria and fungi
     c. ) can lead to malignant hypertension
     d. ) can lead to myotic aneurysm (aneurysm caused by bacterial infection)

Answer 20

B,D

Question 21

Raynauds phenomen occurs in :

a. liver
b. brain
c. carpal tunnel
d. vessels of upper extremities (hands)

Answer 21

E

Question 22

cardiac Raynaud phenomen

a. stenotic event that always leads to myocardial infarction
b. caused by hyperactivity of medial smooth muscle in the coronary arteries
c. caused by mechanical vessel wall damage
d. results in coronary vasospasm that may lead to myocardial infarction when prolonged

Answer 22

B,D

Question 23

what histological change explains aortic aneurysm in syphilis

a. ) calcification
b. ) cystic meial necrosis
c. ) direct lysis of tunic media by endotoxin
d. ) endarteritis of vasa vasorum
e. ) fatty streak

Answer 23

D

Question 24

175.) complication of arteriolosclerosis EXCEPT:
a.) thrombosis
b.) median necrosis
c.) ischemic organ damage
d.) aneurysm
e.) embolization
arteriolosclerosis : vesselhardening due to hyaline accumulation in media/intima , no thrombus / plaque wthatsoever

Answer 24

E

Question 25

176. ) important factor in atherosclerosis EXCEPT :
     a. ) hypertension
     b. ) lipid deposition in vessel wall
     c. ) endothelial destruction
     d. ) hyperglacemia
     e. ) amyloid deposition in vessel wall

Answer 25

E

Question 26

177.)
not true for an aneurysm :
a.) within the lumen there is frequent thrombosis
b.) the lumen shows eccentric thinning
c.) occurs in arteries
d.) is a circumscribes alteration of the vessel wall
e.) the elastic fibers in the vessel wall are diminished

Answer 26

X

But someone says E

Question 27

178. ) an unstable atheromatous plaque contains more lipid than a stable one
     a. true
     b. false

Answer 27

A

Question 28

180.)
Chracteristic for Eisenmenger syndrome : (2 correct)
a.) includes ASD , VSD and patent ductus ateriosus
b.) shunt reversal of an left to right or right to left shunt
c.) isolated vessel transposition ( its lethal !)
d.) can be seen in ASD, VSD and patent oval formen

Answer 28

B,D

Question 29

181. ) PDA (patent ductus arteriosus) :
     a. ) normally closes in response to O2, PGE2 and increasing pulmonary resistance
     b. ) normally closes in response to O2 , PGE2 and decreasing pulmonary resistance
     c. ) is closed prematurely in hypoxic neonates
     d. ) its closure is delayed or inhibited in hypoxic neonates

Answer 29

B, D

Question 30

182. ) Tetralogy of fallot includes :
     a. ) ASD, subpulmonic stenosis , aortic obstruction by ASD , right ventricular dilation
     b. ) VSD, subpulmonic stenosis , overriding of the VSD by the aorta , right ventricle dilation
     c. ) VSD , subpulmonic stenosis , overriding of the VSD by the aorta , right ventricle hypertrophy
     d. ) ASD, VSD , pulmonic stenosis and right atrial dilation

Answer 30

C

Question 31

A man is pulsless at the popliteal arteries, hypertensive in the upper extremities, has a history of stroke , suffers from pain during intense walking

a. ) coarctation of aorta
b. ) venstricular septal defect (VSD)
c. ) atrial septal defect (ASD)
d. ) transposition of the great vessels

Answer 31

A

Question 32

which alteration does not belong to the tetralogy of fallot ?

a. pulmonary stenose
b. overriding of aorta
c. right heart hypertrophy
d. ventricular spetal defects
e. left heart hypertrophy

Answer 32

E

Question 33

most common cardiac congenital malformation is pulmonary stenosis

a. true
b. false

Answer 33

B

Question 34

what is NOT a result of right ventricular failure ?

a. splenomegaly
b. ascites
c. pulmonary edema
d. edema in leg
e. nutmeg liver

Answer 34

C (left ventricular failure)

Question 35

typical sign of left ventricular heart failure is edema in region of the ankles

a. true
b. false

Answer 35

B (it is typical for right sided heart failure , left sided is generalized both sided edema)

Question 36

mitral stenosis leads to (2correct)

a. left ventricular dilation
b. left atrial dilation
c. pulmonary edema
d. right ventricular hypertrophy

Answer 36

B,C

D ( chronic only ! )

Question 37

possible consequence of mitral stenosis ( 2correct)

a. left ventricular hypertrophy
b. atrial fibrillation
c. pulmonary hypertension
d. aortic aneurism

Answer 37

B, C

Question 38

possible cause of left ventricular failure : (2correct )

a. ) pulmonary fibrosis
b. ) pulmonary embolism
c. ) hypertension
d. ) aortic insufficiency

Answer 38

C,D

Question 39

tendency for mitral valve prolapse is genetically inherited a. true
b. false

Answer 39

A

Question 40

changes in a mitral valve insufficiency EXCEPT :

a. ) dilation of the right atrium
b. ) dilation of the right ventricle
c. ) dilation of the left ventricle
d. ) slight atrophy of the right ventricle
e. ) sclerosis of the pulmonary artery

Answer 40

D (atrophy: shrinkage of cell)

Question 41

cause of aortic stenosis ? ( 2 correct )

a. calcification
b. hemochromatosis
c. rheumatic endocarditis
d. amyloidosis

Answer 41

A,C

Question 42

forms of aortic coarctation are : infantile , adult and intermediate
true
false

Answer 42

false ( only infantile and adult ??)

Question 43

191. ) Leads to chronic core pulmonale
     a. ) lobar peumonia
     b. ) thromboembolism of pulmonary veins
     c. ) pulmonary edema
     d. ) bronchiopneumonia
     e. ) emphysema

Answer 43

e

b (acute core pulmonale if saddle embolus)

Question 44

196. ) cause of core pulmonale ( 2 correct)
     a. ) hypercholestermia
     b. ) sever kyphoscoliosis
     c. ) cirrhosis
     d. ) chronic obstructive lung diseases

Answer 44

B,D

Question 45

197. ) cause of hydrothorax :
     a. ) acute core pulmonale
     b. ) pulmonary embolism
     c. ) acute left ventricular failure
     d. ) hypertension
     e. ) chronic right heart failure

Answer 45

E ( congestion of pleural veins -> plasma filtration in pleural
space )

Question 46

which process most frequently leads to enlarged heart size ?

a. dysplasia
b. metaplasia
c. hyperplasia
d. atrophy
e. hypertrophy

Answer 46

E

Question 47

heart diseases often leading to hydrothorax ( 2correct )?

a. chronic pericarditis
b. dilative cardiomyopathy
c. atrial appendage thrombosis
d. core pulmonlae chronicus

Answer 47

B (decreased CO L> venous congestion –> pleural vein congestion), D

Question 48

in dilative cardiomyopathy : spherical dilation and mural thrombosis of the left ventricle are typical

a. ) true
b. ) false

Answer 48

True

Question 49

in which diseases is the heart abnormally enlarged but the number of myocytes is unchanged?

a. ) atrophy
b. ) hypertrophy
c. ) dysplasia
d. ) anaplasi

Answer 49

B

Question 50

202. ) not common in right ventricular hypertrophy
     a. ) ascites
     b. ) pulmonary edema

Answer 50

B (left ventricular hypertrophy)

A - and systemic edema etc

Question 51

203.)
left dilative cardiomyapthy is : ( 2correct )
a.) associated with decreasing contractility and atrophy
b.) associated with decreasing contractility and optional hypertrophy
c.) due to a XLlinked dystrophin mutation
d.) associated wth tricuspid valve regurgitation

Answer 51

B,C

Question 52

204. ) which statement is characteristic for cardiomyopathy ?
     a. ) is associated with an inflammatory infiltration
     b. ) heals within a short time
     c. ) is slowly progressing
     d. ) has no long term consequences
     e. ) leads to fast cardiac failure

Answer 52

C

Question 53

205. ) in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ( 2 correct) :
     a. ) the myocardium shows hypertrophy and dilation
     b. ) the myocardium shows eccentric hypertrophy of the ventricular spetum
     c. ) there is a right outflow tract obstruction due to septal enlargement ( left !)
     d. ) there is marked myocardial hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis

Answer 53

B,D

Question 54

206. ) hypertrophic cardiomyopathy leads to
     a. ) increased contractility and cardiac oputput
     b. ) decreased contractility and cardiac output ( predisposing to IHD!! )
     c. ) systolic dysfunction ( impaired contraction)
     d. ) diastolic dysfunction (impaired relaxation)

Answer 54

B,D

Question 55

207. ) Restrictive cardiomyopathy (2 correct) :
     a. ) Idiopathic (often unknown) or due to irradiation fibrosis , sarcoidosis, amyloidosis
     b. ) decreased cardiac output
     c. ) decreased cardiac contractility
     d. ) decreased cardiac compliance and ventricular filling

Answer 55

A,D

Question 56

208. ) Löfflers endomyocarditis ( 2 correct) :
     a. ) associated with sarcoidosis
     b. ) associated with cardiac fibrosis and thrombosis
     c. ) associated with lymphocytic infiltration
     d. ) associated with eosinophilic infiltration ( pulmonary eosinophilia = löfflers sign!)

Answer 56

B,D

Question 57

209. ) peniciline can cause myocarditis
     a. ) true
     b. ) false

Answer 57

true (hypersensitive myocarditis

Question 58

210.)
rheumatic arthritis / endocarditis is due to an infectious disease
a.) ture
b.) false

Answer 58

false ( post streptoccal sequel but the process itself is nonLinfectious ( Antibody mediated – autoimmune disease)

Question 59

211.) ischemic heart disease :
a.) imbalance between cardiac perfusion and myocardial O2 demand leading to
myocardial ischemic injury
b.) common endpoint of many cardiac diseases
c.) commonly results from hematogenous diseases impairing coronary blood flow
d.) is unrelated to congestive heart failure

Answer 59

A,C

Question 60

Congestive heart failure:

a. imbalance between cardiac perfusion and myocardial O2 demand leading to myocardial ischemic injury
b. heart is unable to maintain a CO sufficient to meet metabolic demands of the myocardium which results in ishemic myocardial injury
c. heart is unable to maintin a CO sufficient to meet metabolic demands of downstream tissue which results in systemic hypoperfussion
d. is the common endpoint of most cardiac diseases

Answer 60

C,D

Question 61

Prinzmetal Angina is a consequence of brain spasms.
true
false

Answer 61

false ( coronary spasm !)

Question 62

macroscopic appearance of an ischemic heart disease EXCEPT :

a. core pulmonale
b. chronic ishemic heart disease
c. angina pectoris
d. heart infarct
e. sudden cardiac death

Answer 62

A

Question 63

215.) 
which microscopic lesion is characteristic for chronic myocardial ischemia ?  
a.interstitial fibrosis  
b.granulocytic infiltration  
c.granuloma 
d.apoptosis

Answer 63

A

Question 64

216. ) What worsens ischemic cardiac diseases?
     a) left ventricular hypertrophy
     b) tachycardia
     c) anemia
     d) bradycardia

Answer 64

A,B,C

Question 65

fatty degeneration of the myocardium

a. lipomatosis of the heart
b. the late stadium of a myocardial infarction
c. amyloidosis of the myocardium
d. scaring due to rheumatic myocarditis
e. a fine linear hypoxic small dropLlike steatosis

Answer 65

E

Question 66

what leads to an acute myocardial infarction ( 2correct)

a. ) abdominal aortic aneurysm
b. ) coronary thrombosis
c. ) severe anemia
d. ) temporal arteriti

Answer 66

B,C

Question 67

219.) how much time does it need for VISIBLE macroscopic changes in the myocardium 
after a myocardial infarction ? 
a.) 12L18h  (12 – 24 hrs) 
b.) 1day 
c.) 6days 
d.) 6weeks

Answer 67

A

Question 68

220.)
in the area of the myocardial infarction a scar (macroscopic) develops : 
a. in 7814 days   
b. in 4 weeks   
c. in 283 days   
d. in 587 days   
e. in 2L3weeks

Answer 68

E

Question 69

Due to MI the following micro- and macroscopic changes can be seen until postLinfarction day 20 EXCEPT :

a. ) coagulation necrosis
b. ) hemorrhagic edges
c. ) pearl like pale scar tissue
d. ) capillary granulation tissue
e. ) progressively decreasing area of the infarct

Answer 69

D

Question 70

organisation of necrotic area in a myocardial infarction starts :

a. after 5 days
b. after 12 hrs
c. after 1 month
d. after 2 weeks

Answer 70

A

Question 71

possible form of acute myocardial infarction ( 2correct)

a. isolated right ventricular
b. transmural
c. pericardia
d. subendocardial

Answer 71

B,D

Question 72

typical change is :
in case of a 3 vessel stenosis ( high grade atherosclerosis in all 3 coronary arteries )
a.) transmural posterior infarction
b.) transmural infarction
c.) subendocardial infarction
d.) transmural septal infarction
e.) large combined front wall and posteriorior wall infarction ( circumferential infarction )

Answer 72

E

Question 73

225.)
in case of hypercholesteremia a heart attack below age 40 comes only rarely
a.) ture
b.) false

Answer 73

false

Question 74

226.) 
what is the cause of yellow demarcation zone surrounding acute myocardial infarctions?
a.) granulocytic iinfiltration  
b.) fatty degeneration  
c.) accumulation of glycogen  
d.) accumulation of lipofuchsin

Answer 74

A

Question 75

227. ) which special condition causes hemorrhagic infarction ?
     a. ) haemophilia
     b. ) coronary intervention performed 12h after onset of MI
     c. ) thrombophilia
     d. ) shock

Answer 75

B

Question 76

228. ) one of the most common complication of myocardial infarction is arrhythmia
     a. ) true
     b. ) false

Answer 76

false

Question 77

229. ) can occur on basis of scar formation after myocardial infarction :
     a. ) narrowing of ventricles
     b. ) right to left shunt
     c. ) aneurysm
     d. ) stenosis of aorta

Answer 77

C

Question 78

230. ) when is myocardial wall rupture most characteristic after MI ?
     a. ) immediately
     b. ) after several weeks
     c. After 1 week

Answer 78

C (4-7 days)

Question 79

231. ) possible cause of hemopericaerdium
     a. ) pericardial rupture
     b. ) hemorrhagig infarction in neighbouring area
     c. ) influenza
     d. ) cardiac vein thrombosis
     e. ) rupture of MI

Answer 79

E

Question 80

232. ) what is not a complication of a myocardial infarct
     a. ) rupture of free ventricular wall
     b. ) rupture of affected wall
     c. ) fibrosis pericardium
     d. ) papillary rupture

Answer 80

C

Question 81

233.)
complication of chronic cardiac aneurism
a. mural thrombiosis and embolization
b. left ventricular hypertrophy
c. papillary muscle rupture
d. mitral insufficiency

Answer 81

A

Question 82

234.) (2good) : 
possible complication of myocardial infarction associated with myocardial rupture 
a.) aortic stenosis  
b.) fibrinous pericarditis  
c.) left to right shunt  
d.) mitral insufficiency

Answer 82

C,D

Question 83

235. ) heart defects predispose to endocarditis
     a. ) true
     b. ) false

Answer 83

true

Question 84

236. ) most common cause of myocarditis in europe?
     a. ) viruses
     b. ) trichinellosis
     c. ) chlamydia
     d. ) chagasche diseas (worldwide)
     e. ) Ecchiococcus

Answer 84

A

Question 85

237. ) sterile endocarditis is ( 2correct)
     a. ) endocarditis lenta
     b. ) liebmann sachs endocarditis
     c. ) marandtic endocarditis
     d. ) endocarditis ulcerate

Answer 85

B,C

Question 86

238.)
Liebman Sacks endocarditis is caused by bacteria.
true
false

Answer 86

false (sterile endocarditis

Question 87

nonLbacterial thrombotic endocarditis ( 2correct)

a. also called liebmann sachs endocarditis
b. also called endocarditis marantica
c. associated wth autoimmune process
d. associated with pre8terminal state and bad general condition

Answer 87

A,B

Question 88

The heart lesion associated with SLE:

a. ) Marantic endocarditis
b. ) Liebman Sacks endocarditis
c. ) Pericarditis ( too !!) d.) Myocarditis

Answer 88

B

Question 89

241. ) in liebamnn sachs endocarditis bacteria are demonstrated in the vegetations
     a. ) ture
     b. ) false

Answer 89

false (nonLsterile)

Question 90

243. ) endocarditis lueitca ( 2correct)
     a. ) associated with aortic degeneration
     b. ) associated wth AIDS
     c. ) associated wth syphilis
     d. ) is an infectious endocarditis

Answer 90

A,C

Question 91

242. ) characteristic for carcinoid endocarditis ( 2correct)
     a. ) associated wth tumors of the : appendix, GI, pancreas, lung
     b. ) involves secretion of norepinephrine and parathyroid hormone
     c. ) involves secretion of serotonin, histamine, bradykinin, PG
     d. ) affects mainly the left heart and the mitral valve
     e. ) thickening of the tricuspid valve and endocardium of the right heart

Answer 91

A,C

Question 92

rheumatic endocarditis is an example of an infective endocarditis
true
false

Answer 92

false (POST streptococcal , Immunoglobulin mediated L> autoimmune

Question 93

In rheumatic endocarditis

a. bacteria are found in valve vegetations (non – bacterial)
b. verrucosus thrombi of thrombocytes along lines of closure of cusps
c. perforation of valves
d. large polypoid thrombi along lines of closure of cusps e. ulcerated thrombi along lines of closure of cusps

Answer 93

B

Question 94

risk for infectious endocarditis increases due to :

a. SLE
b. left ventricular hypertrophy
c. emphysema
d. congenital valve diseases

Answer 94

D

Question 95

Schottmüllers triade (Schottmuller bacillus L causes enteric fever)
characteristic for carcinoid endocarditis ( 2correct)
a.) applies to rheumatic fever
b.) applies to infective endocarditis
c.) endocarditis ulcerosa , splenic infarction, embolic focal nephritis
d.) endocarditis lenta , splenic ischemia , embolic foacal nephritis

Answer 95

B,C

Question 96

infectious endocarditis ( 2correct) :

a. always affects previously damaged heart valves
b. the acute form affects previously damaged heart valves c. the subacute form affects previously damaged heart valves
d. the subacute form is associated wth FUO ( fever of unknown origin

Answer 96

C,D

Question 97

possible complication of infectious mitral valve endocarditis ? (2correct)  
pulmonary embolism  
brain abscess 
hemorrhagic spleen infarct  
mitral insufficiency

Answer 97

B,D

Question 98

patients wth myocarditis mostly die from heart insufficiency
true
false

Answer 98

true

Question 99

myocarditis : ( 2correct)

a. is a primary diseases of the subendocardial cardiomyocytes
b. is a primary disease of the cardiac interstitium
c. leads to ventricular hypertrophy
d. involves secondary myocytolysis and microinfarction

Answer 99

B,D

Question 100

possible causes of myocarditis

a. viral, bacterial, protozonal infection
b. irradiation and heavy metal poisoning
c. sarcoidosis and poststreptococcal rheumatic fever
d. all of them

Answer 100

D

Question 101

myxoma is the most common primary cardiac tumor
True
false

Answer 101

true

Question 102

the corynebacterium diphtheria toxin does not damage the myocardium

a. ) true
b. ) false

Answer 102

false

Question 103

255. ) which is not a complication of prosthetic valves ?
     a. ) haemolytic anemia ( valves cut up RBCs ! )
     b. ) infectious anemia
     c. ) arrhythmias
     d. ) thromboembolism
     e. ) valve vegetations

Answer 103

B

Question 104

256.)

features of rheumatic arthritis ?

a. endocarditis verrucosa acuta
b. aschoffs bodies
c. fibrinous pericarditis
d. nodules on skin

Answer 104

B

Question 105

257. ) Characteristic for rheumatic fever
     a. ) achoffs nodules ( ANtischkowas cells !) b.) niger body
     c. ) eisenmenger
     d. ) nodules in skin

Answer 105

A

Question 106

258. ) characteristic complication of lobar pneumonia
     a. ) glomerulonephritis
     b. ) purulent lymphadenitis
     c. ) pleuritis fibrinosa
     d. ) pneumothorax
     e. ) pulmonary embolism

Answer 106

C

Question 107

most common cause of lobar pneumonia :

a. ) streptococcus pneumoniae
b. ) straphylococcus aureus
c. ) legionella
d. ) klebsiella

Answer 107

A

Question 108

259. ) typical for bronchopneumonia : (2 correct)
     a. ) diretly attacks a lung lobe
     b. ) fragile parenchyma
     c. ) lung biopsy is necessary for diagnosis
     d. ) purulent inflammation foci

Answer 108

B,D

Question 109

NSIP : nonspecific interstitial pneumonia ( 2 correct )

a. ) is a transient pneumonia
b. ) is a chronic , fibrosing patchy or uniformly distributing interstitial diseases
c. ) lesions show temporal homogeneity
d. ) its of idiopathic origine (nonLspecific)

Answer 109

B,D

Question 110

characteristic for bronchopneumonia (2 correct) : a.multifocal purulent inflammation

b. affects 1lobe only
c. lung biopsy is necessary for diagnosis
d. parenchyma becomes breakable

Answer 110

A,D

Question 111

BOOP : bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia ( 2 correct)

a. ) subpleural , peribronchial patchy consolidations
b. ) affects a whole lobe
c. ) diffuse mucous plug obliteration of small airways
d. ) polypoid plugs of loose organizing connective tissue within the alveolar ducts

Answer 111

A,D

Question 112

263. ) select the true statement ( 2 correct )
     a. ) in bronchopneumonia the inflammation spreads around the biggest bronchi in the lobe
     b. ) in bronchopneumonia the inflammation spreads diffusely along the bronchial tree
     c. ) in lobar pneumonia the parenchyma of a lobe is diffusely inflamed
     d. ) in lobar pneumonia the inflammation leads to segmental or lobar consolidation it affects the whole lobe

Answer 112

B,D

Question 113

264. ) select the true statements ( 2 correct )
     a. ) in interstitial pneumonia there is an productive cough
     b. ) in lobar pneumonia airspaces are filled with homogenous exudate
     c. ) in bronchial pneumonia there is no sputum
     d. ) in bronchial pneumonia there is extensive mucous production and suppurative exudation

Answer 113

B,D

Question 114

265. ) the pneumonia casued by S. aureus is an atypical pneumonia
     a. ) ture
     b. ) false

Answer 114

false

Question 115

Pneumonia caused by S. aureus :

a. ) can be a lobar pneumonia or a bronchopneumonia
b. ) progresses in 4 stages : congestion , red hepatisation , grey hepatisation , resolution
c. ) there is unproductive cough
d. ) the pleura is usually unaffected

Answer 115

A,B

Question 116

267. ) pneumonia caused by S.aureus
     a. ) has a risk of progressing to respiratory failure
     b. ) is a common pathogen of healthy adults
     c. ) is a common nosocominal and pediatric pathogen
     d. ) complications are empyemas , abscess formation and endocarditis

Answer 116

C,D

Question 117

268. ) in congestion :
     a. ) liver like consistency of the lung
     b. ) RBC lysis
     c. ) enzymatic degradation of cell derbis
     d. ) vascular congestion and neutrophil infiltatrion

Answer 117

D

Question 118

In red hepatisation:

a. ) red, bogged , heavy appearance of the lung
b. ) liver like consistency , alveolar spaces filled with RBC and neutrophils (hardens)
c. ) semisolid derbis is coughed up
d. ) ingrowing fibroblasts

Answer 118

B

Question 119

270. ) typical for grey hepatisation
     a. ) the infection shows temporal homogeneity
     b. ) there is fibrinous exudate in the alveoli
     c. ) happens on day 6 of lobar pneumonia
     d. ) the alveoli are filled with neutrophils

Answer 119

B

Question 120

271. ) grey hepatisation :
     a. ) proteinus exudate in alveolar spaces
     b. ) neutrophils in alveolar spaces
     c. ) RBC lysis and persisting fibinopurulent exudation
     d. ) phagocytotic clearance

Answer 120

C

Question 121

272. ) Characteristic in grey heptatisation:
     a. ) fibrinous exudate in alveoli
     b. ) seen on 6th day of pneumonia
     c. ) the inflammation is at the same state in the whole lobe d.) masses of neutrophils are seen in the alveoli

Answer 121

A

Question 122

Resolution ( 2 correct) :

a. ) enzymatic degradation of cell debris and fibroblast mediated organization
b. ) pulmonary edema
c. ) neutrophils in the interstitium
d. ) phagocytotic infiltration

Answer 122

A,D

Question 123

a yellow hepatisation can be seen in :

a. ) tuberculosis
b. ) lobar pneumonia
c. ) bronchopneumonia
d. ) influenza pneumonia
e. ) aspiration pneumonia

Answer 123

B

Question 124

75.) in response to pneumonia the pleura ( 2 correct)
a.) remains usually unaffected except in infections wth S.aureus
b.) secretes copious amounts of pleural fluid rich in defensins
c.) develops a fibrinous , fibrinopurulent pleuritis
d.) organization of fibrous tissue may lead to scarformation and chronic restrictive
pleuritis

Answer 124

C,D

Question 125

he pneumonia caused by the influenza virus is of fibrinous inflammatory type
true
false

Answer 125

false

Question 126

77.)
correct for atypical pneumonia :
a.) extensive productive cough / sputum
b.) patchy infiltration in alveolar septa and pulmonary interstitium
c.) diffuse consolidation
d.) homogenous eosinophilic alveolar exudate

Answer 126

B

Question 127

278. ) choose the pathogenes causing atypical pneumonia ( 3 correct) :
     a. ) mycoplasma pneumonia
     b. ) influenza virus , adenovirus, rubeola virus
     c. ) S. aureus (typical – nosocomial infection)
     d. ) chlamydia pneumoniae
     e. ) klebsiella

Answer 127

A,B,D

Question 128

) characteristic for atypical pneumonia ( 2 correct ) :

a. ) macrophagic and neutrophilic infiltration
b. ) infiltration of : lymphocytes , plasma cells and histiocytes
c. ) epithelial cell damage inhibits ciliary clearance in upper respiratory tract
d. ) fibrous reaction of pulmonary interstitium

Answer 128

B,C

Question 129

interstitial pneumonia is caused by :  
viral pneumonia   
streptococcal pneumonia   
pneumocystic carnii 
straphylococcu

Answer 129

Viral and carnii

Question 130

Lung abscess
a.) involves extensive anaerobic bacterial replication within lung parenchyma
b.) usually involves anaerobic bacteria
c.) can be due to aspiration pneumonia , necrotizing pneumonia or septic embolism
d.) commonly in right upper lobe , posterior segemt ( we talk about unconscious
hospitalized and lying patients here ! )

Answer 130

B,C,D

Question 131

282. ) characteristic for Löfflers pneumonia
     a. ) it ́s an pulmonary eosinophilia
     b. ) it’s a transient autoimmune disease
     c. ) it involves eosinophilic infiltration , alveolar septal thickening
     d. ) all of them

Answer 131

D

Question 132

283.)
which lesion affects characteristically the peripheral lung ? 
a.) tuberculotic lymphadenitis  
b.) infarct  
c.) squamous cell carcinoma  
d.) adenocarcinoma

Answer 132

B,D

Question 133

284. ) in the backround of a typical tracheobronchitis is usually an acute viral infect
     a. ) true
     b. ) false

Answer 133

A

Question 134

285. ) complication of chronic bronchitis may be
     a. ) chonic core pulmonale
     b. ) bronchiectasis
     c. ) repiratory failure
     d. ) chronic congestion of lung

Answer 134

A

Question 135

blood aspiration and hemorrhagic pneumonia have the same histological appearance :

a. ) true
b. ) false

Answer 135

B -false

Question 136

obstructive lung diseases are (2 correct) :
chronic bronchitis and bronchiectasis
ARDS and pneumoconiosis
emphysema and asthma
chest wall disorders and interstitial lung diseases

Answer 136

A, C

Question 137

restrictive diseases are characterized by : limited airflow, increased resistance and obstruction (obstructive diseases)

a. ) true
b. ) false

Answer 137

false

Question 138

pneumothorax is caused by atelectasis :

a. ) true
b. ) false

Answer 138

false

Question 139

in compression atelectasis

a. ) air is absorbed from the alveoli
b. ) an foreign body compresses the main bronchi
c. ) pleural effusion or hemothorax compresses the pleural cavity and the lung
d. ) the damage is potentially irreversible

Answer 139

C

Question 140

in contraction atelectasis ( 2correct) :

a. ) air is absorbed from alveolis
b. ) overproduction of elastic tissue leads to lung contraction
c. ) localized or generalized fibrosis decreases ability to expand the lungs
d. ) damage is potentially irreversible

Answer 140

C, D

Question 141

293. ) in reabsorption atelectasis ( 2 correct) :
     a. ) a forein body obstructs the airways
     b. ) the damage is potentially ireversible
     c. ) air is reabsorbed from the alveoli
     d. ) pleural effusion compresses the lung

Answer 141

A,C

Question 142

pneumothorax can be caused by :  
rib fracture  
 thoracic trauma 
  bulla emphysema  
 subclavian sth ....unreadable 
  all true

Answer 142

all true

Question 143

true for chronic bronchitis EXEPT :

a. ) mucous gland hyperplasia
b. ) goblet cell metaplasia in small airways
c. ) associated with emphysema and smoking
d. ) smooth muscle hyperplasia

Answer 143

D

Question 144

chronic bronchiolitis

a. ) is associated with asthma
b. ) is associated with chronic bronchitis
c. ) is a fibrous change in small air ways
d. ) is goblet cell metaplasia in small airways

Answer 144

B,D

Question 145

bronchiolitis obliterans ( 2 correct ):

a. ) is associated with chronic bronchitis
b. ) obliteration of small airways by inhalation of a foreign body
c. ) obliteration of small airways due to mucous plug formation (fibrous plug)
d. ) obliteration of small airways due to submucosal fibrosis

Answer 145

A,D

Question 146

ARDS can occure due to intoxication , metabolic – and circulatory problems

a. true
b. ) false

Answer 146

true

Question 147

Bronchiectasis is dilation of bronchi and bronchioles due to destruction of muscle and elastic tissue associated with necrotizing infections

a. ) true
b. ) false

Answer 147

true

Question 148

300. ) possible cause of bronchiectasis ?
     a. ) obstruction and infection
     b. ) dilation and infection
     c. ) compression and infection
     d. ) emphysema and infection

Answer 148

A

Question 149

cause of bronchiectasis can be (2correct) :

bronchial asthma  ( in very severe and chronic cases too !)   bronchial pneumonia  
mucoviscidosis  
chronic bronchitis

Answer 149

C,D

Question 150

cause of bronchiectasis can be (2good)   
chronic bronchitis  
ARDS 
mucoviscdosis  
pulmonary hypertension

Answer 150

A,C

Question 151

mucous plug in bronchi induces bronchiectasis :
true
false

Answer 151

true(any obstruction)

Question 152

acute bronchiectasis ( 2 correct)

a. ) is associated with fibrosis
b. ) is associated with acute infection
c. ) bronchioles are ulcerated
d. ) bronchioles show reactive epithelial proliferation

Answer 152

B,C

Question 153

in chronic bronchiectasis ( 2 correct) :

a. ) there is an acute superimposed inflammation
b. ) there is peribronchial and bronchial fibrosis
c. ) the damage is reversible
d. ) complications are : bronchial wall destruction and abscess formation

Answer 153

B,D

Question 154

alphaL1Lantitrypsin deficiency is common in . ( 2correct)

306. )
     a. ) panlobar emphysema
     b. ) panacinar emphysema
     c. ) asthma
     d. ) bronchitis

Answer 154

A,B

Question 155

possible cause of pulmonary hypertension ( 2 correct)

a. ) bronchopneumonia
b. ) emphysema
c. ) chronic renal failure
d. ) pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 155

B,D

Question 156

in which diseases enlarged alveolar spaces and destruction of alveolar septa can be seen ?

a. ) alveolar proteinosis
b. ) chronic bronchitis
c. ) pulmonary hypertension
d. ) lung infarction
e. ) emphysema

Answer 156

E

Question 157

congestive Heart failure is the cause of pleural transudate
true
false

Answer 157

true

Question 158

which change causes NO core pulmonale ?

a. ) emphysema
b. ) lungfibrosis
c. ) stenosis of tricuspid valve
d. ) lungembolism
e. ) chronic bronchitis

Answer 158

C

Question 159

core pulmonale is caused by

a. ) pulmonary fibrosis
b. ) tricuspid stenosis
c. ) lobar bronchitis
d. ) viral pneumonia

Answer 159

A,C

Question 160

consequence of smoking EXCEPT :

a. ) emphysema + chronic bronchitis
b. ) desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP)
c. ) Bronchiolitis
d. ) ARDS

Answer 160

D

Question 161

which microscopic feature is characteristic for ARDS ?

313. )
     a. ) hyaline membrane
     b. ) necrosis
     c. ) granuloma
     d. ) intraalveolar mucin

Answer 161

A

Question 162

314. ) cause of ARDS is edema in alveolar wall which impairs gas exchange
     a. ) ture
     b. ) false

Answer 162

false(hyalin is the cause of impaired gas exchange )

Question 163

autopsy of a patient who died in status asthmaticus shows

a. ) panlobular emphysema
b. ) compensatory emphysema
c. ) hepatisation
d. ) increased lung volume

Answer 163

D

Question 164

asthma involves

a. ) IgE
b. ) curschmanns spirals ( whorles of shed epithelium )
c. ) hyperplasia of mucous glands
d. ) bronchospasm
e. ) all

Answer 164

E

Question 165

airway remodelling includes all EXEPT :

a. ) basementmembrane fibrosis and vascularization of submucosa
b. ) hypertrophy of submucosal glands
c. ) fibrosis of submucosa
d. ) goblet cell metaplasia
e. ) hypertrophy and hyperplasia of bronchial smooth muscle

Answer 165

C

Question 166

Hypersensitivity pneumonia ( 2 correct):

a. ) is an allergic reaction involving bronchial and alveolar tissue
b. ) is an allergic reaction involving alveolar tissue and pulmonary interstitium
c. ) includes hypersensitivity type III and IV
d. ) includes hypersensitivity type I and II

Answer 166

B,C

Question 167

characteristic for hypersensitivity pneumonia (2correct):

a. ) consolidation of a whole lobe
b. ) peribronchial accentuation
c. ) damage caused is irreversible
d. ) mononuclear infiltrate and nonLcaseating granuloma formation

Answer 167

B, (D)

Question 168

granulocytic , fibrinous alveolar exudate due to :

a. ) viral pneumonia
b. ) mycoplasma pneumonia
c. ) bacterial pneumonia
d. ) caseous pneumonia
e. ) pneumocyszic carcnii pneumonia

Answer 168

C

Question 169

surfactant is influenced by : (3correct) 
type II pneumocytes   
tyroxine   
insulin
costicosteroids

Answer 169

Everyone except insulin (is an antagonist)

Question 170

bronchial tree
in cystic fibrosis : bronchiectasis is often becaue the viscous mucus clogs up the
a.) true
b.) false

Answer 170

true

Question 171

characteristic for sarcoidosis (3 correct):

a. ) lesions are bilateral
b. ) lesions are rarely calcified
c. ) granuloma formation
d. ) can lead to interstitial lung diseases ( massive pulmonary fibrosis L> honey comb lung !)

Answer 171

A,C,D

Question 172

true for sarcoidosis ( 3correct):

a. multisystemic nonLcaseating granulomatous disease b.unilateral lesion
c. higher incidence in nonLsmokers
d. involves tracheal, parabronchial and hilar lymphnodes

Answer 172

A,C and D

unilat is wrong

Question 173

325. ) which condition can cause severe pulmonary bleeding ?
     a. ) tuberculotic granuloma
     b. ) bronchiopneumonia
     c. ) infarction
     d. ) sarcoidosis

Answer 173

A

Question 174

Which organs can be affected in Primary Tuberculosis? (2 correct answers)

a) Lung
b) Liver
c) Spleen
d) Small intestine

Answer 174

A, D

Question 175

327. ) what is the most possible location of TB reactivation in lung ?
     a. ) basis
     b. ) bronchial cartilage
     c. ) apex
     d. ) hilus

Answer 175

C

Question 176

characteristic for lung TB EXEPT : ?

a. ) typical in secondary TB is the apical simons foci
b. ) includes granuloma formation
c. ) eosinophils dominate in the granuloma
d. ) can cause milary TB through hematogenous spread
e. ) can form cavitation

Answer 176

C

Question 177

330. ) typical manifestation of extrapulmonary TB ( 2 correct):
     a. ) skin sarcoidosis
     b. ) Marantic endocarditis
     c. ) basilar meningitis
     d. ) potts diseases

Answer 177

C( via infective embolism) ,D (TB in vertebral body )

Question 178

common manifestation of postLprimary TB ( 2 correct) :
triggered by mycobacterium TB histological changes correspond to hypersensitivity
a.) Gohn complex
b.) tuberculin reaction
c.) tuberculotic osteomyelitis
d.) milary TB

Answer 178

C,D( hematogenous spread L> caseous necrosis foci in all parenchymal organs)

Question 179

which organs are involved in TB ? (lung, intestine)

a. ) skeletal muscle
b. ) heart muscle
c. ) pancreas
d. ) nebenhoden
e. ) thyroid gland

Answer 179

B

Question 180

which of the following is a characteristic complication of silicosis (3 correct) ?

a. ) suspectible to TB
b. ) mesothelioma
c. ) chronic core pulmonale
d. ) bronchial carcinoma

Answer 180

A,C,D

Question 181

typical for TB EXCEPT :

a. ) typical for the secondary form of TB is the simonsche foci
b. ) includes granuloma formation
c. ) may result in formation of caverna
d. ) can result in military TB by hematogenous spread
e. ) eosinophils are the dominant cells in the granulomas

Answer 181

E

Question 182

Kidney tuberculosis usually results from :

a. ) hematogenous spread from the lung
b. ) non is correct
c. ) lymphogenic spread from the intestines
d. ) fracture of a vertebral tuberculosis
e. ) ascending from the urethers

Answer 182

A

Question 183

where can we normally see squamous cell carcinoma ?

a. pleura
b. salivary gland
c. lymph nodes
d. bronchus epithelium

Answer 183

bronchus epithelium

Question 184

primary and metastatic lung adenocarcinoma are always distinguishable by histological appearance
True
False

Answer 184

False

Question 185

lung carcinoma can be derieved from both bronchial and alveolar epithelium
true
false

Answer 185

true

Question 186

340.)
typical for squamous cell carcinoma of the lung (2 correct):
a.) generally associated wth HPV infections
b.) generally a form of central bronchial carcinoma
c.) this lung cancer has the worst prognosis
d.) occurs due to squamous metaplasia

Answer 186

B,D

C is for small cell

Question 187

which carcinoma does not exist in the lung ?

a. ) adenocarcinoma
b. ) squamous cell carcinoma
c. ) neuroendocrine carcinoma
d. ) small cell carcinoma
e. ) large cell carcinoma
f. ) myxoma

Answer 187

F (heart)

Question 188

which carcinoma has the strongest association with smoking ?

a. ) large cell carcinoma
b. ) adenocarcinoma
c. ) small cell carcinoma
d. ) neuroendocrine carcinoma
e. ) squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 188

C,E

Question 189

343. ) which carcinoma is typical in nonLsmokers ?
     a. ) large cell carcinoma
     b. ) adenocarcinoma
     c. ) small cell carcinoma
     d. ) neuroendocrine carcinoma
     e. ) squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 189

B

Question 190

344. ) typical for lung carcinoma : ( 2correct)
     a. ) often given metastasis in skeletal muscle
     b. ) diagnosed in early state
     c. ) often give metastasis in brain
     d. ) often is an occult carcinoma

Answer 190

C,D( cancer cells in sputum but yet no cancer found in lungs )

Question 191

typical for squamous cell carcinoma ( 3 correct )

a. arises peripherally
b. arises centrally
c. developmental sequence : basal cell hyperplasia , squamous metaplasia , dysplasia , cancer in situ , d.squamous cell carcinoma
e. most common mutation : KLRAS

Answer 191

B,C,D

Question 192

Character for squamos cell carcinoma

a. ) lepidic growth
b. ) linistic growth
c. ) keratin pearls in well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma
d. ) gives early and widespread metastasis

Answer 192

C

Question 193

adenocarcinoma ( 2 correct)

a. ) is typically in smoking men
b. ) is typical in nonLsmoking women
c. ) growth slowly but gives early and widespread metastasis
d. ) its major mutation is p53 muation

Answer 193

B,C

Question 194

characteristic for adenocarcinoma : (2 correct)
a.) growth peripherally
b.) follows the same developmental sequence as squamous cell carcinoma
c.) develops from atypical adenomatous hyperplasia over adenocarcinoma in situ to
invasive adenocarcinoma
d.) may arise from bronchialveolar stem cells

Answer 194

C,D

Question 195

350. ) in atypical adenomatous hyperplasia
     a. ) squamous cell hyperplasia
     b. ) cuboidal cell hyperplasia
     c. ) EGFR , ALK , cMET and KLRas are the most common mutations
     d. ) shows lepidic growth

Answer 195

B,C

Question 196

adenomacarcinoma in situ

a. ) shows linistic growth
b. ) shows lipidic growth along the alveolar septa
c. ) provokes extensive desmoplastic reaction
d. ) is invasive

Answer 196

B (L> bronchoalveolar adenocarcinoma !)

Question 197

352.)
bronchial carcinoma (2correct) :  
a.) leiomyosaercoma is a special form of it  
b.) can cause neoplastic syndrome   
c.) can originate  from scars  
d.) are mainly  in periphael location

Answer 197

B,C

Question 198

adenomacarcinoma can be of mucinous differentiation type producing copious amounts of mucous sputum

a. ) true
b. ) false

Answer 198

true

Question 199

354. ) BASC : bronchioalveolar stem cells
     a. ) at the bronchioalveolar junction
     b. ) multipotent stem cells involved in claracell and alveolar epithelial cell regeneration
     c. ) may be precursor for squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma
     d. ) all of them

Answer 199

D

Question 200

355. ) large cell carcinoma ( 2 correct) :
     a. ) shows mainly squamous cell differentiation
     b. ) does not show squamous or glandular differentiation
     c. ) responds well to chemotherapy
     d. ) ample cytoplasma , large nuclei and vesicular chomatin

Answer 200

B,D

Question 201

356. ) small cell carcinoma ( 2 correct) :
     a. ) centrally located solid gray masses extending in lung parenchyma
     b. ) respond well to chemotherapy
     c. ) are easily resectable
     d. ) grow slowly and give extensive metastasis

Answer 201

A,B

Question 202

357. ) typical for small cell carcinoma of the lung ( 2 correct )
     a. ) most have metastized by the time of diagnosis
     b. ) grow on the epithelial cells lining the alveolar space
     c. ) histologically they show a scant cytoplasm , granular chromatin , frequent mitotic figures and crushLartifacts
     d. ) they are smaller than T8lymphocytes

Answer 202

A,C

Question 203

358. ) small cell carcinomas typically : ( 3 correct )
     a. ) grow in the submucosa around bronchi in a circumferential fashion
     b. ) cells are of cuboidal shape wth prominent nuclei
     c. ) cells are of small round or spindle like shape
     d. ) the most common mutations found are : MYC, p53 and Rb

Answer 203

A,C,D

Question 204

359. ) typical for carcinoid tumor EXCEPT : (3correct)
     a. ) arises from alveolar epithelial cell
     b. ) arises from diffuse neuroendocrine cell population
     c. ) is easily resectable
     d. ) shows obstructive , intraluminal growth pattern

Answer 204

A,C,D

Question 205

360. ) characteristic for carcinoid tumors :
     a. ) penetrate bronchial wall and fan out in pulmonary interstitium
     b. ) given frequent distal metastasis
     c. ) are nests of uniform , regular round cells with salt and peper appearance
     d. ) are usually peripheral lesions of the pleura

Answer 205

A,C

Question 206

361. ) characteristic for carcinoid syndrome EXCEPT :
     a. ) is caused by neuroendocrine tumor of the lung and colon
     b. ) is due to secretion of ADH, ACTH and glucocorticoids
     c. ) is due to secretion of serotonin, bradykinin ,histamine and tachycardin
     d. ) causes , flushing , diarrhea , increased heart rate and low blood pressure

Answer 206

A,C,D

Question 207

362. ) paraneoplastic syndromes are MOST likely caused by : ( 2 correct)
     a. ) small cell carcinoma
     b. ) large cell carcinoma
     c. ) carcinoid
     d. ) adenocarcinomas

Answer 207

A,C( neuroendocrine tumors )

Question 208

363. ) pancost tumors ( 2correct)
     a. ) are located in the base of the lung
     b. ) are located in the apex of the lung
     c. ) compress intercostal nerves causing diffuse dermatome pain
     d. ) compress the cervical plexus causing ulnar nerve pain

Answer 208

B,D

Question 209

364. ) Horners syndrome ( 2 correct) :
     a. ) contralateral enopthalmus , ptosis , miosis , anhidrosis
     b. ) ipsilateral enopthalmus ( eyeball depression) , ptosis, miosis ,anhidrosis
     c. ) due to compression of sympathetic trunk by a lung carcinoma
     d. ) due to compression of cervical sympathetic nerves by a pantumor

Answer 209

B,D

Question 210

365. ) malignant mesothelioma
     a. ) is related to asbestose inhalation
     b. ) spreads along pleural surfaces
     c. ) direct invasion of thoracic wall
     d. ) all of them

Answer 210

D

Question 211

366. ) mesothelioma
     a. ) is of squamous cell origine
     b. ) is of cuboidal mesothelial cell origine
     c. ) may show sarcomatous spindle cell differentiation
     d. ) is a bening tumor

Answer 211

B,C

Question 212

367. ) of the lung cancers the worst prognosis has ….
     a. ) small cell carcinoma
     b. ) bronchioalveolar carcinoma
     c. ) adenocarcinoma
     d. ) non8keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma
     e. ) keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 212

A

Question 213

368. ) common metastasis of lung cancer EXCEPT :
     a. ) hilar and mediastinal lymphnodes
     b. ) brain bone and liver
     c. ) brain , pancreas and liver
     d. ) adrenal gland

Answer 213

A,B,D(!!!almost exclusively !!!)

Question 214

369. ) common site of metastatsis from lung carcinoma : (2correct)
     a. ) adrenal glands
     b. ) brain
     c. ) kidney
     d. ) spleen

Answer 214

A, B

Question 215

370. ) common complications of lung tumors EXCEPT :
     a. ) pleural and pericardial effusion
     b. ) swollen virchows lymphnode
     c. ) endocarditis
     d. ) hemoptysis , cough , chest pain
     e. ) paraneoplastic lesions

Answer 215

C

Question 216

371. ) benign tumors in the lungs are more frequent than malignant tumors
     a. ) true
     b. ) false

Answer 216

false

Question 217

372.)
which organ is typically affected by tumor embolisam of renal carcinoma ?  
a.) lung  
b.) brain  
c.) contralateral kidney  
d.) liver  
e.) spleen

Answer 217

A

Question 218

373. ) can cause granulomatous infection of cervical lymph nodes EXCEPT:
     a. ) sarcoidosis
     b. ) TB
     c. ) yersinia pestis
     d. ) rheumatic fever

Answer 218

A,B

Question 219

374. ) in which tumor there is hoarseness (2 correct) : ?
     a. ) laryngeal papilloma
     b. ) glottis carcinoma
     c. ) bronchiocarcinoma
     d. ) tongue tumor

Answer 219

A,B

Question 220

375. ) most laryngeal tumors are subglottic
     a. ) true
     b. ) false

Answer 220

B( vocal cords !)

Question 221

376. ) characteristic for laryngeal papilloma EXCEPT :
     a. ) mainly in real vocal cords
     b. ) regular stratisfied squamous epithelium
     c. ) greater tha 1 cm
     d. ) benign tumor
     e. ) gives metastasis

Answer 221

E(no, its benign)

Question 222

377. ) in which region of the larynx is a carcinoma most common ?
     a. ) in sinus piriformis
     b. ) on the epiglottis
     c. ) on aryepiglottic folds
     d. ) on the vocal cords

Answer 222

D

Question 223

378.)
parotid gland tumor EXEPT :  
a.) warthin tumor  
b.) pleomorphic adenoma  
c.) mukoepithelial cyst  
d.) squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 223

D

Question 224

379. ) Typical composition of pleiomorphic adenoma, EXCEPT:
     a. ) epithelial cells : ductal and myoepithelial cells
     b. ) myxoid , chondroid or mucoid ground substance
     c. ) fibrous capsule
     d. ) goblet cells

Answer 224

D

Question 225

380. ) In cervicofacial actinomycosis there is a broadlike infiltration
     a. ) true
     b. ) false

Answer 225

true

Question 226

Leukoplakia in the oral caity is a precancerous state
true
false

Answer 226

true