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Computing > Past papers > Flashcards

Past papers Flashcards

1
Q

What does an analogue to digital converter do?

A

Capture a sound wave at regular time intervals, a sample

the sample is then converted into binary

And then stored in a file for later

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2
Q

What is the function of the HTTPS

A

It encrypts data on a website

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3
Q

What is the function of the FTP

A

It uses a client-server model to send files

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4
Q

What is a protocol

A

A standard form of computers communicating

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5
Q

Explain how virtual memory can compensate for the lack of RAM in Alicia’s computer

A

Secondary storage can act as a temporary RAM when it is full

Data from RAM is moved to secondary storage

So RAM can be filled with new data

When data is needed from the virtual memory it is moved back into RAM

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6
Q

“My computer has a quad-core processor, so it will run twice as fast as a computer with a dual-core processor.”

Explain why this statement is not always true

A

Some software can not be split and is designed to run on only one core

Clock speed also affects performance, dual core may have a faster clock speed

Cache size also affects performance, quad core may have less cache

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7
Q

What is the program counter

A

Stores the address of the next instruction to be run

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8
Q

What is the MDR?

A

Stores the data that is fetched from memory

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9
Q

What does the MAR do?

A

Stores the address where the data will be fetched

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10
Q

What is data interception

A

Data intercepted by a third party

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11
Q

What is phishing

A

Fake websites which collect personal data

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12
Q

What is malware

A

A piece of software which records actions

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13
Q

William wants to upload his videos on the Internet and is considering releasing them under a Creative Commons license.

Explain how a Creative Commons license will impact the use of William’s videos by other people

A

Allows free distribution

Can insist on personal use only

Work is still copyrighted

Other people can redistribute his work

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14
Q

Explain why solid state storage is the most appropriate type of storage for the digital video camera

A

It is portable –> so it can be carried around

It is durable –> It has no moving parts so wont be damaged when moving around

It has a large capacity –> For storing large video files

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15
Q

Explain why the digital video camera needs secondary storage

A

For long term storage

To store the videos

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16
Q

Fiona releases her game under a proprietary licence.

Explain why a proprietary licence is a more appropriate choice than open source

A

Her source code is protected

She can charge a fee

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17
Q

Fiona is considering selling the game online and not making it available physically in shops. Describe the environmental impact of Fiona’s decision

A

Less waste

Less electrical power needed to manufacture

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18
Q

Explain why the TCP/IP model uses layers

A

Layers can be changed or removed without affecting the other layers

Each layer has its own purpose so it does not need to consider what other layers do

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19
Q

Describe the relationship between the website URL (https://www.ocr.org.uk), the IP address and the webserver

A

The URL is sent to a DNS

URL has a linked IP

DNS finds IP

IP is sent back to the browser

Browser sends a request to IP

Webserver processes request for the website

Webserver sends the website to the user

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20
Q

What is a virtual network

A

A non physical network

A private network which runs on a public network

21
Q

Why might a WAP slow down a network

A

Wireless transmission is lower than wired

Reduces bandwidth available for other users

22
Q

Describe the role of the switch in an office network

A

Connects devices together

Receives data

Sends data to specific destinations

23
Q

Why is a smart watch an example of an embedded system

A

It has one function

It is a computer system built within the watch

24
Q

Explain how compression software will compress an image file

A

It will use an algorithm to remove unnecessary data

Could be lossy or lossless

Lossless does not permanently delete data

Lossy is permanent deletion

25
Q

One difference between RAM and flash memory

A

RAM is volatile

Flash memory is Non-volatile

26
Q

Explain why having a dual core processor might improve the performance of the computer

A

Means two instructions can be running at the same time, it enables multitasking

But some software can not be split between 2 processors so it does not increase performance

27
Q

Why is a tablet not an embedded system

A

An embedded system has one function while a tablet has many

An embedded system is part of a larger system while a tablet is a self-contained system

An embedded system is single chip a tablet is multiple chips combined

28
Q

Describe the purpose of ROM in a tablet computer

A

Stores the BIOS

Stores data which should not be changed

29
Q

What are some examples of utility programs

A

Compression

Defragmentation

Encryption

Backups

30
Q

After defragmentation, Ali’s computer is able to access files faster. Explain why Ali’s computer can access the files faster after defragmentation

A

He doesn’t have to move physically as far to go to the next part of the file

Less physical movement saves time

31
Q

What are drawbacks of using the cloud

A

An internet connection is needed to access

You are not in control of the security

A monthly fee is needed

32
Q

What are the benefits of the cloud

A

Can access files from any location

Can access files from any device

Is quicker and easier to share files with others

33
Q

Identify one device that a person can use to connect their home network to the Internet

A

A router

34
Q

What is the prevention method for people as a weak point

A

Staff training

35
Q

What is the prevention method of spyware

A

Anti-spyware

36
Q

What is the prevention method for data interception

A

Encryption

37
Q

What is the prevention method for phishing?

A

Spam alerts

38
Q

What is a virtual network?

A

A non-physical network where computers in different locations connect to it through the internet and get the functionality of a LAN

39
Q

Describe the threat malware can pose to the university’s network

A

Can delete and corrupt files.

Can prevent users accessing files

40
Q

Describe how packet switching can be used when sending data from one site to another

A

Data is split into packets, and each given a header.

Each packets are sent individually and can be sent along different routes

The receiving computer waits for the packets

and puts them back in order and sends requests for any missing packets

41
Q

How does the type of network contribute to the performance of a network

A

Transmitting video files will take up more bandwidth than text files

42
Q

How does number of current users contribute to performance of a network

A

It makes more traffic which means the bandwidth has to be split

43
Q

How does interferences contribute to the performance of a network

A

It causes errors which means signals need retransmitting which makes traffic

44
Q

How does Wifi frequency contribute to the performance of a network

A

A 5GHz frequency can carry a lot more data per second than a 2.4GHz frequency

45
Q

What will a tablets internal secondary storage device store?

A

Files and programs

46
Q

What is an advantage and a disadvantage for the programmer of open source code?

A

Advantage - People can improve the program

Disadvantage - She won’t get an income

47
Q

Identify and describe two functions from an operating system

A

-User management
allows users to set up accounts
allows users to set up different access rights

-File management
allows for the creation and deleting of files
allows for the movement of files or folders

48
Q

State what is meant by a single core 2.5GHz processor? 2 marks

A

A single core means one processor,
which performs 2.5 billion fetch-decode-execute cycles per second

49
Q
A

Computing (9 decks)

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