past papers

Question 1

which aa is used for the formation of niacin

Answer 1

tryptophan

Question 2

which artery is medial to deep inguinal ring

Answer 2

inferior epigastric artery

Question 3

what forms the medial boundary of femoral ring

Answer 3

lacunar ligament

Question 4

which enzyme is deficient in von gierke disease

Answer 4

glucose 6 phosphatase

Question 5

liver biopsy taken from?

Answer 5

8th to 10th IC spaces at mid axillary line

Question 6

HAV belongs to which class of RNA virus

Answer 6

picornavirus

Question 7

in which part of GIT submucosal glands are present

Answer 7

duodenum

Question 8

most common complication of peptic ulcer?

Answer 8

hemorrhage

Question 9

HMP shunt occurs in which part of the cell

Answer 9

cytosol

Question 10

where are peyer patches located and what are they

Answer 10

lymphoid aggregate in large intestien

Question 11

what is gastroparesis

Answer 11

partial paralysis of stomach

Question 12

for which hepatitis there is no vaccine

Answer 12

hepatitis c

Question 13

what causes cancer in peptic ulcer

Answer 13

helicobacter pylori

Question 14

define esophageal phase of swallowing

Answer 14

involuntary, movement of the bolus through the esophagus and into the stomach

Question 15

which structures are crossed by root of mesentery

Answer 15

starts from duodojejenal junction

1. 3rd part of duodenum
2. abdominal aorta
3. IVC
4. right gonadal vessel
5. right ureter
6. right psoas major

Question 16

barret esophagus feature

Answer 16

in morphology velvety red petches seen

Question 17

location of epigastric hernia

Answer 17

between xiphoid process and umbilicus

Question 18

how many ATPs are produced in TCA cycle

Answer 18

12

Question 19

which cancer is associated with helicobacter pylori

Answer 19

MALT lymphoma

Question 20

location of paneth cells?

Answer 20

in depth of intestinal gland

Question 21

where are M cells located

Answer 21

in small intestine above peyer patches

Question 22

what does not compensate for the weakness of anterior abdominal wall

Answer 22

transverse abdominis covering the superficial ring

Question 23

what is the product of uronic acid pathway

Answer 23

glucuronate

Question 24

what is uronic acid pathway

Answer 24

Uronic acid pathway is an alternative oxidative pathway for glucose metabolism. It catalyzes the conversion of glucose to glucuronic acid, ascorbic acid, and pentoses. It does not lead to the formation of ATP.

Question 25

how hepatic portal vein is formed?

Answer 25

by the union of SMA and splenic vein

Question 26

what drains into para-aortic nodes?

Answer 26

celiac SM and IM nodes

Question 27

what is cholelithiasis

Answer 27

formation of galls stone

Question 28

reason of physiological jaundice in new born

Answer 28

temporary low glucuronyl transferase activity

Question 29

common complication of celiac disease?

Answer 29

t cell lymphoma

Question 30

which aa is not glucogenic

Answer 30

leucine and lysine

Question 31

what can be used to make glucose in glucogenesis other than aa

Answer 31

glycerol lactate propionate

Question 32

which enzyme is deficient in McArdle disease

Answer 32

muscle glycogen phosphorylase

Question 33

which enzyme is deficient in Hers disease

Answer 33

liver glycogen phosphorylase

Question 34

which enzyme is deficient in Pompe disease

Answer 34

lysosomal alpha-1,4-glucosidase

Question 35

what is whipple disease

Answer 35

Whipple disease is a rare bacterial infection that most often affects your joints and digestive system

Question 36

where is myenteric plexus located

Answer 36

between the inner circular and outer longitudnal layer

Question 37

where is Auerbach plexus located

Answer 37

in the submucosa

Question 38

iliohypogastric nerve3 passes through which structure in the body

Answer 38

superficial inguinal ring

Question 39

rate limiting enzyme of fatty acid oxidation?

Answer 39

acetyl CoA carboxylase

Question 40

IVC hiatus lie at what level?

Answer 40

T8

Question 41

from where bile canaliculi arise?

Answer 41

intercellular hepatocyes

Question 42

which of the following is used as radiocontrast dye

Answer 42

barium sulphate

Question 43

what is the avg lifespan of intestinal epithelial cell

Answer 43

5 days

Question 44

what hormones are inhibited by somatostatin?

Answer 44

inhibits gastrin production | produced by enteroendocrine (D) cells

Question 45

structures drained by portal vein

Answer 45

gall bladder spleen pancreas git except part of anus

Question 46

venous drainage of rectum?

Answer 46

superior rectal vein drain into portal venous system | middle and inferior rectal vein drain into systemic vein

Question 47

what is present in the space of disse

Answer 47

stellate cells endothelial cell blood plasma

Question 48

protein involved in the formation of glycogen

Answer 48

glycogenin

Question 49

rate limiting enzyme in the oxidative phase of HMP shunt?

Answer 49

G6PD

Question 50

what is the avg peak age of inflammatory bowel disease

Answer 50

early 20s

Question 51

HMG CoA synthase is involved in the formation of what?

Answer 51

cholesterol

Question 52

ligamentum venosum is remnant of?

Answer 52

ductus venosus

Question 53

round ligament is remnant of?

Answer 53

umbilical vein

Question 54

which structure lie anterior to spleen

Answer 54

stomach

Question 55

between which ribs spleen is located

Answer 55

9th and 11th rib

Question 56

which structure has the highest density of triglyceride

Answer 56

chylomicron not VLDL

Question 57

difference between steatosis and steatorrhea

Answer 57

steatosis is accumulation of fat in liver steatorrhea is excretion of fat with feaces

Question 58

which artery is most likely to bleed in duodenal ulcer

Answer 58

gastroduodenal artery

Question 59

first step of cholesterol synthesis occurs where

Answer 59

cytosol

Question 60

type of gland in body of stomach?

Answer 60

simple branched tubular gland

Question 61

what type of cell is ECL cells

Answer 61

enterochromaffin like cells | neuroendocrine cells

Question 62

stages of starvation

Answer 62

``` glucose glycogen small amount of muscle fat deposits through ketosis muscle proteins ```

Question 63

location of peyer patches?

Answer 63

mucosa of ileum extending into submucosa

Question 64

location of brunner glands

Answer 64

submucosa of duodenum

Question 65

feature of appendix?

Answer 65

germinal centers in submucosa

Question 66

which part of git contains villi?

Answer 66

small intestine | gall bladder

Question 67

unique feature about gall bladder layer?

Answer 67

no submucosa | no muscularis mucosa

Question 68

layers of gall bladder

Answer 68

mucosa muscularis: fibromuscular layer serosa

Question 69

origination of celiac trunk at what level?

Answer 69

T12/L1 | aortic hiatus

Question 70

which artery run along superior border of pancreas

Answer 70

splenic artery

Question 71

which artery enters gastrophrenic ligament

Answer 71

posterior gastric a

Question 72

which artery enters in gastrosplenic ligament

Answer 72

left gastro omental | short gastric

Question 73

which artery arises in hepatoduodenal ligament

Answer 73

cystic artery

Question 74

which artery lies in behind duodenum

Answer 74

gastroduodenal artery

Question 75

sympathetic supply of stomach is through which segments

Answer 75

t6 to t9

Question 76

sympathetic supply of small intestine is through which segments

Answer 76

t8-t10

Question 77

location of hepatic flexure?

Answer 77

deep to 9th and 10th ribs