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1
Q

which aa is used for the formation of niacin

A

tryptophan

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2
Q

which artery is medial to deep inguinal ring

A

inferior epigastric artery

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3
Q

what forms the medial boundary of femoral ring

A

lacunar ligament

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4
Q

which enzyme is deficient in von gierke disease

A

glucose 6 phosphatase

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5
Q

liver biopsy taken from?

A

8th to 10th IC spaces at mid axillary line

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6
Q

HAV belongs to which class of RNA virus

A

picornavirus

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7
Q

in which part of GIT submucosal glands are present

A

duodenum

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8
Q

most common complication of peptic ulcer?

A

hemorrhage

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9
Q

HMP shunt occurs in which part of the cell

A

cytosol

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10
Q

where are peyer patches located and what are they

A

lymphoid aggregate in large intestien

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11
Q

what is gastroparesis

A

partial paralysis of stomach

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12
Q

for which hepatitis there is no vaccine

A

hepatitis c

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13
Q

what causes cancer in peptic ulcer

A

helicobacter pylori

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14
Q

define esophageal phase of swallowing

A

involuntary, movement of the bolus through the esophagus and into the stomach

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15
Q

which structures are crossed by root of mesentery

A

starts from duodojejenal junction

  1. 3rd part of duodenum
  2. abdominal aorta
  3. IVC
  4. right gonadal vessel
  5. right ureter
  6. right psoas major
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16
Q

barret esophagus feature

A

in morphology velvety red petches seen

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17
Q

location of epigastric hernia

A

between xiphoid process and umbilicus

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18
Q

how many ATPs are produced in TCA cycle

A

12

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19
Q

which cancer is associated with helicobacter pylori

A

MALT lymphoma

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20
Q

location of paneth cells?

A

in depth of intestinal gland

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21
Q

where are M cells located

A

in small intestine above peyer patches

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22
Q

what does not compensate for the weakness of anterior abdominal wall

A

transverse abdominis covering the superficial ring

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23
Q

what is the product of uronic acid pathway

A

glucuronate

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24
Q

what is uronic acid pathway

A

Uronic acid pathway is an alternative oxidative pathway for glucose metabolism. It catalyzes the conversion of glucose to glucuronic acid, ascorbic acid, and pentoses. It does not lead to the formation of ATP.

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25
Q

how hepatic portal vein is formed?

A

by the union of SMA and splenic vein

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26
Q

what drains into para-aortic nodes?

A

celiac SM and IM nodes

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27
Q

what is cholelithiasis

A

formation of galls stone

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28
Q

reason of physiological jaundice in new born

A

temporary low glucuronyl transferase activity

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29
Q

common complication of celiac disease?

A

t cell lymphoma

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30
Q

which aa is not glucogenic

A

leucine and lysine

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31
Q

what can be used to make glucose in glucogenesis other than aa

A

glycerol
lactate
propionate

32
Q

which enzyme is deficient in McArdle disease

A

muscle glycogen phosphorylase

33
Q

which enzyme is deficient in Hers disease

A

liver glycogen phosphorylase

34
Q

which enzyme is deficient in Pompe disease

A

lysosomal alpha-1,4-glucosidase

35
Q

what is whipple disease

A

Whipple disease is a rare bacterial infection that most often affects your joints and digestive system

36
Q

where is myenteric plexus located

A

between the inner circular and outer longitudnal layer

37
Q

where is Auerbach plexus located

A

in the submucosa

38
Q

iliohypogastric nerve3 passes through which structure in the body

A

superficial inguinal ring

39
Q

rate limiting enzyme of fatty acid oxidation?

A

acetyl CoA carboxylase

40
Q

IVC hiatus lie at what level?

A

T8

41
Q

from where bile canaliculi arise?

A

intercellular hepatocyes

42
Q

which of the following is used as radiocontrast dye

A

barium sulphate

43
Q

what is the avg lifespan of intestinal epithelial cell

A

5 days

44
Q

what hormones are inhibited by somatostatin?

A

inhibits gastrin production

produced by enteroendocrine (D) cells

45
Q

structures drained by portal vein

A

gall bladder
spleen
pancreas
git except part of anus

46
Q

venous drainage of rectum?

A

superior rectal vein drain into portal venous system

middle and inferior rectal vein drain into systemic vein

47
Q

what is present in the space of disse

A

stellate cells
endothelial cell
blood plasma

48
Q

protein involved in the formation of glycogen

A

glycogenin

49
Q

rate limiting enzyme in the oxidative phase of HMP shunt?

A

G6PD

50
Q

what is the avg peak age of inflammatory bowel disease

A

early 20s

51
Q

HMG CoA synthase is involved in the formation of what?

A

cholesterol

52
Q

ligamentum venosum is remnant of?

A

ductus venosus

53
Q

round ligament is remnant of?

A

umbilical vein

54
Q

which structure lie anterior to spleen

A

stomach

55
Q

between which ribs spleen is located

A

9th and 11th rib

56
Q

which structure has the highest density of triglyceride

A

chylomicron

not VLDL

57
Q

difference between steatosis and steatorrhea

A

steatosis is accumulation of fat in liver

steatorrhea is excretion of fat with feaces

58
Q

which artery is most likely to bleed in duodenal ulcer

A

gastroduodenal artery

59
Q

first step of cholesterol synthesis occurs where

A

cytosol

60
Q

type of gland in body of stomach?

A

simple branched tubular gland

61
Q

what type of cell is ECL cells

A

enterochromaffin like cells

neuroendocrine cells

62
Q

stages of starvation

A 
glucose
glycogen
small amount of muscle
fat deposits through ketosis
muscle proteins
63
Q

location of peyer patches?

A

mucosa of ileum extending into submucosa

64
Q

location of brunner glands

A

submucosa of duodenum

65
Q

feature of appendix?

A

germinal centers in submucosa

66
Q

which part of git contains villi?

A

small intestine

gall bladder

67
Q

unique feature about gall bladder layer?

A

no submucosa

no muscularis mucosa

68
Q

layers of gall bladder

A

mucosa
muscularis: fibromuscular layer
serosa

69
Q

origination of celiac trunk at what level?

A

T12/L1

aortic hiatus

70
Q

which artery run along superior border of pancreas

A

splenic artery

71
Q

which artery enters gastrophrenic ligament

A

posterior gastric a

72
Q

which artery enters in gastrosplenic ligament

A

left gastro omental

short gastric

73
Q

which artery arises in hepatoduodenal ligament

A

cystic artery

74
Q

which artery lies in behind duodenum

A

gastroduodenal artery

75
Q

sympathetic supply of stomach is through which segments

A

t6 to t9

76
Q

sympathetic supply of small intestine is through which segments

A

t8-t10

77
Q

location of hepatic flexure?

A

deep to 9th and 10th ribs

GIT (4 decks)

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