git patho

Question 1

mumps involve which organs

Answer 1

parotid
testicle(orchitis)
pancreas
meninges

Question 2

most common tumor of salivary gland

Answer 2

pleomorphic adenoma

Question 3

which nerve affected by malignant tumor of parotid gland

Answer 3

facial nerve

Question 4

which is the 2nd most common type of benign tumor of salivary gland

Answer 4

warthin tumor

Question 5

most common malignant tumor of salivary gland?

Answer 5

mucoepidermoid tumor

Question 6

esophageal web has increased risk for which cancer?

Answer 6

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 7

features of plummer vinson syndrome

Answer 7

Fe deficiency anemia
esophageal web
red tongue due to atrophic glossitis

Question 8

zenker diverticulum arises where?

Answer 8

upper esophageal sphincters

Question 9

reason for mallory weiss syndrome?

Answer 9

severe vomiting causing laceration at GE junction

Question 10

most common cause of death in cirrhosis?

Answer 10

esophageal varices rupture due to portal hypertension

Question 11

painless hematemesis and panful hematemesis seen in which diseases?

Answer 11

painful: mallory weiss syndrome
painless: esophageal varices

Question 12

reason for achalasia

Answer 12

damaged ganglion cells in myenteric plexus

Question 13

bird beak sign seen in which condition?

Answer 13

achalasia

Question 14

how clinically Gerd and achalasia differentiated?

Answer 14

by giving proton inhibitors

no response in achalasia

Question 15

risk factors for gerd?

Answer 15

obesity
fat rich diet
caffeine
smoking
alcohol
hiatal hernia

Question 16

what change seen in barret esophagus

Answer 16

epithelium line changes from NKSSE to non ciliated columnar cell with goblet cell

Question 17

difference between gastroschisis and omphalocele

Answer 17

in omphalocele there is persistent herniation and the abdominal content which are protruded are covered in amnion sac and peritoneum while those in gastroschisis are not covered but bare.

Question 18

when congenital pyloric stenosis is presented?

Answer 18

2 weeks after birth

Question 19

clinical features of pyloric stenosis?

Answer 19

olive shaped mass in abdomen
projectile vomiting
visible peristalsis

Question 20

what is curling ulcer?

Answer 20

Curling’s ulcer is an acute gastric erosion resulting as a complication from severe burns. decreased blood supply upset the defense mechanism.

Question 21

what is Cushing ulcer?

Answer 21

increased vagus stimulation due to brain injury which leads to increased acid production

Question 22

what is stress ulcer

Answer 22

Stress ulcers are multiple, superficial erosions which develop after shock, sepsis, and trauma and are often found in patients with chronic medical illness.

Question 23

which hypersensitivity is involved in autoimmune chronic gastritis?

Answer 23

type 4

Question 24

diagnostic feature of AI chronic gastritis

Answer 24

antibodies against parietal cells

Question 25

what is the most common cause of sialadenitis

Answer 25

sialolithiasis. obstruction due to stone

Question 26

why pleomorphic adenoma has high rate of recurrence?

Answer 26

irregular margins

Question 27

4 symptoms of TE fistula?

Answer 27

vomiting polyhydramnios abdominal distension aspiration

Question 28

esophageal web increases risk for what?

Answer 28

esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Question 29

what is halitosis and when it is seen?

Answer 29

bad breath | zenker diverticulum

Question 30

how esophageal vein drain into portal vein

Answer 30

through left gastric vein

Question 31

painless hematemesis seen when?

Answer 31

esophageal varices

Question 32

most common cause of death in cirrhosis?

Answer 32

esophageal varice

Question 33

what are the 2 key probs in achalasia?

Answer 33

unable to relax LES | impaired peristalsis

Question 34

where is myenteric plexus present?

Answer 34

between inner circular and outer longitudinal layers of muscularis propria

Question 35

classic disease linked with achalasia

Answer 35

trypanosoma cruzi infection in chagas disease

Question 36

achalasia increases risk for what diseases

Answer 36

autoimmune | esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Question 37

what type of metaplasia is seen in barret esophagus?

Answer 37

NKSSE changes into nonciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells

Question 38

does gerd always causes barret esophagus?

Answer 38

no, only 10% of time

Question 39

what are the late complications of gerd?

Answer 39

ullceration with stricture | barret esophagus

Question 40

what are the complication of barret esophagus?

Answer 40

dysplasia | adenocarcinoma

Question 41

pyloric stenosis presents when?

Answer 41

2 weeks after birth | mostly in males

Question 42

3 symptoms and signs of pyloric stenosis?

Answer 42

olive like mass in abdomen projectile vomiting visible peristalsis

Question 43

what is the cause of acute gastritis?

Answer 43

acidic damage to mucosa

Question 44

what is curling cancer

Answer 44

severe burn decreases blood supply to mucosa of stomach which is one of the normal defense mechanism

Question 45

what is cushing ulcer?

Answer 45

increased intracranial pressure causing vagus simulation which releases ach which increase acid production by parietal cells

Question 46

risk factors for acute gastritis

Answer 46

``` severe burn shock(stress ulcer) NSAIDS(decreases PGE2) alcohol consumption cushing and curling ulcer chemotherapy ```

Question 47

chronic autoimmune gastritis targets which area

Answer 47

body and fundus of stomach

Question 48

chronic H.pylori targets which area

Answer 48

antrum of stomach

Question 49

which cells are targeted in chronic AI gastritis and how do you diagnose

Answer 49

parietal cells | autoantibodies against parietal cells and intrinsic factor

Question 50

clinical feature of chronic AI gastritis

Answer 50

atrophy of mucosa achlorhydria G cell hyperplasia megaloblastic anemia

Question 51

complication of chronic gastritis? autoimmune type

Answer 51

gastric adenocarcinoma involving metaplasia of intestinal type

Question 52

what is the most common cause of Vit B1 2 deficiency

Answer 52

chronic gastritis

Question 53

what are the complications of Hpylori gastritis

Answer 53

peptic ulcer disease gastric adenocarcinoma MALT lymphoma

Question 54

2 types of peptic ulcer disease?

Answer 54

1. duodenum (90%) | 2. gastric (10%)

Question 55

reasons of duodenal ulcer?

Answer 55

95% of time due to H pylori | 5% of time ZE syndrome

Question 56

diagnosis of duodenal ulcer?

Answer 56

hypertrophy of brunner gland to compensate for damage

Question 57

most common site of duodenal ulcer?

Answer 57

wall of anterior duodenum

Question 58

complications of post duodenum duodenal ulcer?

Answer 58

acute pancreatitis | gastroduodenal artery bleeding

Question 59

reasons for gastric ulcer?

Answer 59

H pylori (75%) NSAIDS bile reflux

Question 60

location of gastric ulcer?

Answer 60

lesser curvature of antrum

Question 61

duodenal atresia is associated with what disease?

Answer 61

down syndrome

Question 62

double bubble sign and bird beak sign is seen in what probs?

Answer 62

bird beak seen in achalasia | double bubble seen in duodenal atresia

Question 63

what is the most common congenital anomaly of git

Answer 63

meckel diverticulum