Past Paper September 2020 Flashcards
Label a diagram for named protective structures
eg; glasshouse Polythene tunnel cold frame cloche conservatory
state two common uses for a glasshouse
used to overwinter tender plants
to grow long season crops eg tomatoes
state two common uses for a ; polythene tunnel
to grow short season crops eg; self-blanching celery or lettuce
overwinter tender plants?
state two common uses for a ; cold frame
To harden off plants before putting in final position
Raising vegetable plants or lettuce
state two common uses for a ; cloche
Covers rows of crops eg; strawberries
Protect plants from the elements
state two common uses for a ; conservatory
to grow houseplants in or display plants that are too tender for outside
Name 4 environmental factors important in the care of plants growing in a protected environment.
Temperature - soil and air Relative humidity NAtural light Water availability Availability of O2 or C02
Describe two effects on plant growth relating to; Temperature
A reduced air or soil temp will reduce the rate of photosynthesis, growth rate and rate of respiration within the plant
Describe two effects on plant growth relating to; Relative Humidity
A low level of humidity will cause an increase in transpiration, leaf scorch, and temporary or permanent wilting of the plant
Describe two effects on plant growth relating to; NATURAL LIGHT
A lack of natural light will cause weak, spindly growth, softer growth and make the plants more prone to attack be pests and diseases.
Describe two effects on plant growth relating to; WATER AVAILABILITY
lack of water will cause temporary or permanent wilting, affecting the plants ability to take up nutrients and to carry out photosynthesis.
Describe two effects on plant growth relating to; AVAILABILITY OF CARBON DIOXIDE OR OXYGEN
a lack of either will affect the growth rate of the plant and the level of yield of any crop
Describe how a grower can maximise natural light transmission in a protected structure under each of the following headings; SITE SELECTION
select a site which is not shaded by trees or existing buildings
East-west orientation of the structure is ideal to maximise natural light transmission
Describe how a grower can maximise natural light transmission in a protected structure under the heading: SELECTION OF PROTECTED STRUCTURE
The structure should have a curvilinear or mansard shape with high eaves to optimise the angle of incidence for maximum light transmission.
Stronger construction materials eg; aluminium/steel is preferred as they block out less light that wood.
The structure should be clad in hort. glass as max light transmission is allowed - compared to polythene film which has a lower rate of transmission
Describe how a grower can maximise natural light transmission in a protected structure under the heading; GROWING WITH THE STRUCTURE
Staged benching - enables several tiers of plants to be accommodated and avoids shading some plants.
Use of a reflective material eg; milky polythene reflects light back onto the crop
Use training and support systems to ensure max. light is available to the crop.
Describe the production of Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) under each of the following headings; PROPAGATION
sow seed broadcast in a seed tray/modular tray using seed growing media.
Place trays on a heated bed 18-23’C
Check regularly for damping off disease on seedlings
Prick out seedlings (handle by seed leaves) into modular trays or 9cm individual pots.
Maintain moisture levels at all times
Describe the production of Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) under each of the following headings; Planting and support
When the first truss of flowers have formed, plant into growbags, border soil or large pots.
Plant at correct depth with minimal root disturbance , graded and well firmed.
Remove any damaged foliage.
Use bamboo canes for support establishing a layering system with an ‘S’ hook to accommodate a full seasons growth.
Describe the production of Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) under each of the following headings; CROP MAINTENANCE (5 points)
Plants must be tied to a bamboo cane, or wound around the string lines when layering to accommodate stem growth.
Remove side shoots and de-leaf as required to maintain a single growing point.
Water regularly.
Provide ventilation to reduce the relative humidity and maintain ambient C02 levels.
Feed with high potash feed to encourage successful flowering and fruiting.
State what is meant by each of the following methods of pest and disease control in a protected structure; CULTURAL
The prevention/control of pests and diseases through the management of the growing environment.
This includes crop rotation, Using resistant cultivars, Timing of cultivation/planting, Modification of soil pH, Managing levels of humidity in a protected structure.
State what is meant by each of the following methods of pest and disease control in a protected structure; BIOLOGICAL
Biological control is the application of living predators, parasites or pathogens to control pests and diseases.
Use the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis to control Red Spider Mite
Use the parasitic wasp Encarsia formose to control Glasshouse Whitefly
Name the predatory mite used to control Red Spider Mites
Phytoseiulus persimilis
Describe two reasons for using cultural and biological methods to limit the damage caused by pests and diseases.
No build up of chemical residue in crops and the environment
Less hazards to humans when using pesticides.
Resistance to pesticides is reduced
No clearance periods needed prior to harvesting crops
State two advantages and two limitations for two distinct names framework materials used for protective structures. ; ALUMINIUM
light weight, strong for glazing bars
Low maintenance
Corrosion resistant
Glazing bars are thin so allows good light transmission
may not be strong enough for structural supports
Does not retain heat well
Is not aesthetically pleasing
State two advantages and two limitations for two distinct names framework materials used for protective structures. ; WOOD
easy to cut and join
Retains heat so reduces heat requirement
Aesthetically pleasing
High level of maintenance
Needs to be thick for strength so cuts out light and creates shadows.
Will eventually rot and warp
