Past Paper Qs Flashcards
Rank cancers as cause of death in UK men according to frequency with (1) being the most common
Lung
Prostate
Colon
Head and Neck
Breast
Mechanism of Evolocumab?
Lowers LDL by inhibiting PCSK9
Woman has acute SOB. PMHx includes hypertension and T2D. Her medication is metformin, atorvastatin, amlodipine. Blood pressure was high. She had a third heart sound, no murmurs, and bibasal crackles. Blood tests - sodium was normal, potassium was 3.5, urea was high, creatinine was high. Rank diagnosis with (1) being most likely.
- Phaeochromocytoma
- Addisons
- Cushings
- Essential hypertension
- Conns
- Essential htn
- Cushing’s
- Conn’s
- Phaeochromocytoma
- Addison’s
Rank in order of potency at reducing LDL with (1) being the most potent
- Atorvostatin
- Bezafibrate
- Prednisolone
- Simvastatin
- Evolocumab
- Evolocumab
- Atorvostatin
- Simvastatin
- Bezafibrate (antilipimetic)
- Prednisolone
Moa Bezafibrate?
Antilipemic, lowers LDL and increases HDL
Which antibodies are present in Sjorgren’s syndrome?
- Anti-Ro
- Anti-La
- RF
- ANA
When will C3 and C4 be low in SLE?
C4 always, C3 only if it’s severe
Which is more sensitive for SLE: ANA or anti-dsDNA?
ANA (95-99%)
(ds-DNA 50-70%)
Young woman with dysuria, urinary frequency and suprapubic pain. Rank organisms with (1) being most likely
- Staph saprophyticus
- Acinetobacter baumanii
- Candida albicans
- Escherichia coli
- Proteus mirabilis
Escherichia coli
Staph saprophyticus
Proteus mirabilis
Acinetobacter baumanii (main one for catheters)
Candida albicans
Fatigue and mild jaundice, has spherocytes on blood film. Coombs test positive. Likely diagnosis?
Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
What does d-dimer detect?
Fibrin degredation products
Pregnant women given misoprostol to induce labour. She suddenly has severe shivers, clammy skin, vomiting. Observations - high HR, low BP. Blood results - INR of 1.9, high APTT, , high D-dimers. What is the most likely obstetric event?
Amniotic fluid embolism
At what temperature can platelet transfusions be stored?
20-24 degrees (22 degrees)
Infants with sickle cell disease (HbSS) may have splenic sequestration. Why malignant cells with reactive fibrosis and high eosinophils does this not occur before 3 months of age?
HbF (foetal haemoglobin) is present
Venetoclax is a BCL2 inhibitor used in CLL. What cellular process does it affect?
Apoptosis
Which cellular markers indicate CLL?
CD5+ CD19+
Man has returned from India. Whilst abroad, he has malaise and jaundice which self-resolved. He now has fatigue and easy bruising. Blood results - low Hb, normal MCV, low reticulocytes, low WCC, low neutrophils, normal lymphocytes, low platelets. What is the likely diagnosis?
Dengue haemorrhagic fever
Which mosquitos transmit Dengue fever?
Aedes
Commonest primary tumour of the heart
Myxoma
What is the commonest cause of constrictive pericarditis in the developing world?
Tuberculosis
A dysgerminoma is a type of tumour that affects the ovary. What is the equivalent tumour type in the testes?
Seminoma
What is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults that is a glomerular pathology?
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (primary)
Diabetic nephropathy (secocndary)
What is the commonest cause of myocarditis?
Viral infection - coxsackie
Raised AMA antibodies are characteristic of which liver disease?
Primary biliary cholangitis