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Path > Histo MedGems > Flashcards

Histo MedGems Flashcards

1
Q

First line chemo drug for treating prostate cancer

A

Docetaxel

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2
Q

What condition is the presence of waxy casts in urine associated with?

A

Chronic kidney disease

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3
Q

What is the preferred surgical option for treating prostate cancer?

A

Radical prostatectomy

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4
Q

“Thickened basement membrane with spike and dome appearance due to electron dense deposits in the subepithelial layer”

A

Membranous glomerulonephritis

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5
Q

Other than zinc, what is the first line pharmacological treatment for Wilson’s disease?

A

Trientine

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6
Q

His past medical history includes an anterior STEMI 4 months ago.

The ECG shows ST elevation in leads V2, V3, V4 and V5. He denies chest pain, breathlessness or any other symptoms.

A

Ventricular aneurysm

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7
Q

Expression of what receptor may confer a good prognosis in invasive breast carcinoma?

A

Oestrogen

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8
Q

What is the most common type of lung cancer in the UK?

A

Adenocarcinoma

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9
Q

A liver biopsy from a patient with chronic hepatitis B shows areas of fibrosis and hepatocyte necrosis. There are visible nodules of regenerating hepatocytes.

A

Cirrhosis

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10
Q

Incidence of cancers in men

A

Prostate (most common in men)
Lung
Bowel
Head and Neck
Other

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11
Q

Incidence of cancers in women

A

Breast (most common cancer overall)
Lung
Bowel
Uterus
Other

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12
Q

Cancers causing death in men

A

Lung (most deadly)
Prostate
Bowel
Oesophagus
Other

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13
Q

Cancers causing death in women

A

Lung (most deadly)
Breast
Bowel
Cancer of unknown primary
Other

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14
Q

Infective endocarditis mitral

A

Regurg

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15
Q

Rheumatic fever mitral

A

Stenosis

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16
Q

Which neuroendocrine tumour is associated with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome?

A

Gastrinoma

Gastrin secreting hyperplasia of the islet cells (recurrent stomach ulcers)

17
Q

Which common medication are hepatic adenomas associated with?

A

Oral contraceptive pill

18
Q

What is the commonest cause of chronic renal failure in the UK?

A

Diabetes

19
Q

Struvite stones?

A

Magnesium ammonium phosphate

Associated with proteus mirabilis infection

20
Q

What histological type of bladder cancer is most common?

A

Transitional cell carcinoma

21
Q

In which form of inflammatory bowel disease may non-caseating granulomas be seen on biopsy?

A

Crohn’s

22
Q

A 70 year old man presents to his GP reporting dysuria and increased urinary frequency.

He is given 7 days of oral nitrofurantoin by his GP. He denies any weight loss, loss of appetite or other symptoms.

At the same appointment, he has his annual routine yearly bloods taken.

His Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) is raised at 3x the upper limit of normal.

The GP performs a DRE which is normal.

What is the most appropriate action regarding his elevated PSA?

A

Repeat in 2 weeks

23
Q

What condition is the presence of fatty casts in urine associated with?

A

Nephrotic syndrome

24
Q

In the emergency department what imaging is required in the initial workup of a suspected stroke?

A

CT head non contrast

25
Q

What histopathological description is given to cells that have lost their intercellular connections between neighbouring cells?

An example could be the loss of desmosomal connections in pemphigus vulgaris.

A

Acantholysis

26
Q

What monoclonal antibody therapy targets human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and is used in the treatment of breast cancer?

A

Trastuzumab

27
Q

What protein is defective in adult polycystic kidney disease?

A

Polycystin-1

28
Q

What tumour marker is most commonly used in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer?

A

Carcinoembryonic antigen

29
Q

What is the most common histochemical stain used to visualise cells for light microscopy, such as that used for diagnosis of cancers?

A

Haematoxylin and eosin

30
Q

Expression of what cell surface receptor may confer a bad prognosis in invasive breast carcinoma?

A

HER2

31
Q

A GFR of less than what value is considered reflecting End Stage Renal Failure in chronic kidney disesease?

A

<15

32
Q

What sign, which may be visible around the nails, is seen in Graves’ disease and is due to periosteal bone growth in the nail bed?

A

Thyroid acropachy

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