past paper q sociology

Question 1

outline two ways in which media representations of crime may not reflect reality (4 MARKS)

Answer 1

1. the media exaggerates the risk of being a victim of crime. for example, this could be true for women and for individuals from higher status backgrounds.
2. violent and sexual crimes are over-reported. For example, both of these crimes take up a much smaller percentage in victim surveys and official statistics

Question 2

outline 3 functions of the criminal justice system (6 MARKS)

Answer 2

protects the public - eg prison keeps criminals away from everyone

provides jobs - eg lawyer, police officer, prison guard all jobs available in the CJS.

to control the working class- eg the working class are more likely to be criminalised in the cjs.

Question 3

Two ways globalisation influences crime

Answer 3

1. the drugs trade.
   quote item “national borders” - this could be due to the influence in drug trafficking and usage. HELD - the globalisation of crime is the growing interconnectedness of crime across national borders. drugs trade is said to be£300-400 billion a yer due to street prices. drug trafficking - supply and demand. smugglers operate across national borders. the demand and biggest market for drugs is in uk.
2. money laundering. Castells argues global criminal economy of over £1 trillion per annum. Bauman believed that growing individualism and consumer culture means that individuals are left to weigh the costs and benefits of their decisions. leads to people turning to crime and violence. puts society at harm. links to beck risk society, fears. endangers peoples lives.

Cyber crime, terrorism, trafficking.

Question 4

two ethical issues with quantitative data

Answer 4

1. informed consent. eg researchers in questionnaires. fully explain what is happening before they agree to participate prevent harm, keep safe. participants should be protected. age. researching vulnerable groups.
2. lack of confidentiality. prevent identificatiion, names, collecting sensitive info.privacy.

Milgram experiment measured primary variable of obedience obeyed. lack of informed consent.

Rosenthal and Jacobson students labelled as less able. self-esteem and academic performance. lack of consent for both teachers and students.

Question 5

postmodernism
strengths and weaknesses

Answer 5

pm have noted the impact migration has had on schools.
pm point out that our education system is now competing to provide young people with the skills needed for a global job market.

pm fail to explain the structural inequalities within education - class gender, ethnicity
pm fail to offer solutions for the issues within the education system.

Question 6

marxism and functionallism

Answer 6

pm argue marxist outdated. society is now postmodern and different to what functi and Marx suggest.

Question 7

postmodernism

Answer 7

micro, social action theory

education has become diverse and responsive to needs
the correspondence principle doesn’t exist snd education reproduces diversity not inequality
they want a diff education system that encourages self-motivation and creativity.

Question 8

pm globalisation

Answer 8

pm is now influenced by globalisation
new tech
work is changing, new IT skills in education
glob raises awareness of education around the world

EG politicians are influenced by international policies like the programme for international student assessment.

Question 9

baudrillard

Answer 9

we live in a postmodern age
simulacrum
no loner refer to reality
change
embrace the past.
creating a new future