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Physiccsss meh :/ > Past Paper corrections > Flashcards

Past Paper corrections Flashcards

1
Q

Give a reason for the difference in gravitational field strength on the moon and on the Earth ?

A

Earth has a larger mass than Earth

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2
Q

Damages of infrared ?

A

Skin burns

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3
Q

Explain why the ice cube will accelerate upwards when force (weight) is removed ?

A
  1. Upwards force is greater than the weight of the cube
  2. Resultant force is upwards
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4
Q

Describe how the loudspeaker produces sound ?

A
  1. Magnetic field around coil
    2.interaction between fields of magnet and coil
  2. force on coil from magnet
  3. Alt force on the cone
    5.Cone vibrates
  4. Air to vibrate
  5. Longitudinal wave
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5
Q

Describe how total resistance changes when in series and in Parallel ?D4 - PPP

A

D4 - cell voltage is no longer shared means current through each loudspeaker is doubled so current from supply is 4 times higher
R = V/I

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6
Q

Hazard of breathing sir contaminated with radon - 222

A
  1. Irritation of internal organs
  2. Highly ionising as it as alpha so can cause cancer /mutations
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7
Q

As a container is cooled it collapses .Why

A

Fewer collisions per unit time gives lower force
Each collision is less hard
Lower force per unit area gives lower pressure
Pressure outside container is larger than pressure in the can
Pressure difference causes a force .

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8
Q

Why does sign of the voltmeter change when the trolley moves ?

A

Direction changes so voltage depends on direction .End of motion ,voltage is 0

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9
Q

Why does the magnitude of the induced voltage change ?

A

Speed may change
Magnetic field may not be uniform

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10
Q

Explain the change in speed of parachute ?

A

Air resistance is larger than weight
F = MA
Acceleration is upwards
Air resistance decreases as parachutist slows down

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11
Q

What is absolute magnitude ?

A

Measure of brightness of a star at a standard distance

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12
Q

How to improve accuracy of an experiment ?

A

Graph and finding average

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13
Q

Explain how a current is induced in the core of a transformer ?

A

1.Field lines cut by core
2.Induced voltage
3.Conductors have free electrons
4.Force on the electrons
5.Movement of electrons is current

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14
Q

which type of radiation is emitted by radioactive nuclei with too many neutrons ?

A

Beta minus

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15
Q

What is a longitudinal wave ?

A

A wave that travels parrellel to the direction the wave is moving in

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16
Q

How is a nebulla formed ?

A

gas particles attract by gravitational force and temp increases and fusion reactions begin

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17
Q

Describe the process of nucleur fussion in a star

A

Two small nuclei join together to form a large nucleus and relasess energy .

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18
Q

What happens after main sequence ?MASS IS LARGER

A

red s=uoer gaint and ocntract rapidly becoming a supernova which emplodes and releases a neutron star pr black hole

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19
Q

Why wires in toaster are connected in parrallel

A

Higher current or voltager

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20
Q

KW to W

A

x1000

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21
Q

How to measure volume with measuring cylinder

A

wait ffoir all the liquid to run down ,,place on horizontal surfaceread at eye level to avoid parralelex error

22
Q

Cat x - no fur and light skin
Cat Y - Thick fur and black
How do they transfer energy to their surrondings .

A

X loses more energy throuigh conduction and convention whereas Y loses through radiation .fur traps air ,poor conductor ,fur is a poor condutor ,trapped air reduces convection ,black surfaces emit radiation faster

23
Q

Explain where a lamp should be connected in this circuit so that the voltage across it increases as the light received by the component X decreases >

A

lamp should be connected in parallel with
component X / LDR;
resistance of LDR increases when it gets
dark;
voltage across LDR increases / becomes
greater than 10V when it gets dark

24
Q

Explain how dynamo causes the lioghts to turn on when bicycle is moving MAY2020

A

core gasins magnetic field ,CHANGING MAGNETIC FEILD ,feild lines are cut by wire ,voltage induces causing a current

25
Q

NOV 2020 - Why the egg moves down into the flask and then stops moving ?

A

air in flask cools;
MP2. molecules in flask slow down/kinetic
energy of molecules reduces;
MP3. pressure inside flask decreases (as
temperature decreases);
MP4. pressure outside flask greater than
inside/eq;
MP5. resultant force (from air) pushes egg down
the neck of the flask;
allow ‘stretches egg’
MP6. volume of air in flask decreases as the egg
moves down;
MP7. (so) pressure inside flask increases (as
volume decreases);
MP8. (eventually) pressure inside and outside
balance;

MP9. (so) resultant force is now zero (so egg
stops moving down);

26
Q

evolution of a star with a mass larger than the Sun

A

nebula/gas cloud; 5
MP2 protostar;
MP3 main sequence (then red supergiant);
MP4 supernova;
MP5 neutron star/ black hole;

27
Q

when u drop a ball

A

MP1 ball has weight;
REJECT ‘has gravity’
MP2 ball accelerates;
MP3 drag increases (while accelerating);
MP4 resultant force decreases;
MP5 (so) acceleration decreases;
MP6 drag = weight / resultant = 0 / forces balanced;
MP7 terminal velocity/constant speed /acceleration=0;

28
Q

LDR resistence and lioght intensity is what grpah

A

non linear

29
Q

why does volatge decrease when resistnace decrese

A

larger current means larger voltage across fixed resistor; 2
total voltage remains constant;

30
Q

what is ionisation?

A

Removal of electrons from an atom

31
Q

what is used to make wire vibrate ?

A

AC

32
Q

Differnce between contamination and irradation - 2019

A

idea that contamination is when a non-radioactive
object comes into contact with a radioactive
material;
2

idea that irradiation is when radiation is present;

33
Q

Explain the conditions required for nuclear fusion.

A

MP1. high temperature required;
MP2. to increase kinetic energy of nuclei;
MP3. high pressure required;
MP4. (because) nuclei need to be close enough to
collide;

MP5. (since) nuclei repel each other;

34
Q

Discuss how his measurements of voltage and current compare with the measurements
when only one of these cylinders is used.
DIFFERENCE OF PARALLEL AND SERIES

A

voltage stays the same;
(because) each putty cylinder is connected in
parallel (with the cells);
total current doubles;
(because) current in each putty cylinder stays the
same (as before) and these currents add together; cuz there is two

35
Q

Why is a bar graphg used ?

A

Because the data is discountious

36
Q

The parachute jumper opens her parachute at point B.
Her velocity decreases until she reaches terminal velocity again at point C.
Explain this change in velocity.

A

air resistance increases (greatly) when
parachute is opened;
allow “upwards force”
MP2. idea that air resistance is greater than the
weight;
allow upwards force is
bigger than downwards
force
MP3. (therefore) deceleration / upwards
acceleration;
allow idea of upwards
resultant force
ignore “velocity
decreases”
MP4. idea that air resistance decreases with
speed;
MP5. resultant force (eventually) becomes zero; allow “forces are
balanced again”
allow air resistance =
weight
MP6. constant speed achieved

37
Q

Explain what happens to the wavelength of light when it passes from air into water.
(2)

A

wavelength decreases; 2
(because) wave speed decreases and frequency
remains constant;

38
Q

Differernce ebtrween the orbit of the comet and orbit of the earth

A

elliptical orbit and travels less distnace and the path is not fixed

39
Q

Describe an experiment to determine the refractive index of a glass block

A

measure angle of
incidence / angle of
refraction;
MP5. repeat for different
angle(s) of incidence;
ignore unqualified ‘take repeats’
MP6. repeat for same angle
of incidence;
data analysis
(2 marks max.)
MP7. (use equation to)
calculate n;
no need to quote equation as it is
requested in (c)(i)
MP8. plot a graph of sin i
against sin r;
MP9. calculate n from
gradient / calculate
average value of n;

40
Q

longer distance mean resistance increases

A
41
Q

Explain why it is easier to cut vegetables with a sharp knife than with one that is
not sharp.

A

pressure is force per unit area;

sharp blade has smaller area;
hence greater pressure (for the
same force);

42
Q

how to improve accuracy of radiactive materials

A

remove background radiation

43
Q

2018 jan - why does the ice not melt

A

little conduction in liquids and gases
hot water stays at the top because its less dense

44
Q

Explain why the balloons move towards each other when the student blows air
between them.
Refer to air speed and pressure in your answe

A

air (between the balloons) moves
faster;
2
pressure (between the balloons)
decreases/eq.

45
Q

The air in the tyre heats up when the car is driven.
Explain how this affects the contact area between the tyre and the ground.
[assume the volume of the air in the tyre remains constant]

A

particles move faster / have more KE;
 particles hit (tyre) wall more
frequently / with more force / harder;
 pressure increases (and force of
vehicle weight stays the same);

46
Q

Explain how this fission process can lead to a chain reaction

A

. more neutrons released (in fission);
MP2. neutrons can be absorbed by other
(uranium) nuclei;

MP3. causing further fissions / splitting

47
Q

control rods

A

abopsrbs neutrons and vary the rate of reaction

48
Q

Suggest why there was an accident when the control rods were fully inserted
into the reactor core.

A

graphite (ends) did not absorb neutrons;
more (uranium nuclei underwent) fission; allow more
‘neutrons absorbed
by (uranium)
nuclei’
increased {rate of reaction / amount of
energy produced / rate of fission};

49
Q

Cold water is pumped down into the hot, dry rock.
Describe the energy transfers at each stage of electricity generation from this
resource.

A

thermal energy is transferred
from hot rock to cold water OR
water heats up;
MP2. water molecules gain KE (as they
are heated);
MP3. steam gains KE as it is heated by
the rock;
MP4. GPE of steam increases as it
gains height;
MP5. turbine gains KE from hot
water/steam;
MP6. generator (coils) transfer KE
(from turbine) into electrical
energy;
MP7. electrical energy is transferred
from pump into GPE/KE of water;

50
Q

Describe how the alternating current generates a sound wave.

A

alternating current changes
direction (continuously);
MP2. current in coil produces
alternating magnetic field/eq;
MP3. (producing) force on the
coil/cone;
MP4. reversing direction of current
reverses direction of the force;
MP5. hence coil/cone vibrates;
MP6. cone vibrates air particles;

51
Q

Explain how the current produces movement of the coil.

A

MP1. Current in coil ;
MP2. (Creates) magnetic field (around the wires
of the coil);
MP3. Interaction of (this) field with that of
(permanent) magnets;
MP4. There is a force on the wire(of coil);
MP5. Reference to left hand rule;
MP6. force up on one side and down on other
side;
MP7. Idea that commutator reverses current
(every half turn)

Physiccsss meh :/ (8 decks)

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