Past Paper 3 Flashcards
Which of the following are quality strategy?
a) Accreditation
b) Clinical guidelines
c) Quality indicators
d) Peer review
e) Satisfaction survey for customers
ABCDE
In the Italian NHS, who is in charge to define the level of care that has to be granted to all the citizens regardless of their economic, social status, and the region they live in?
a) The Health Care Units
b) The Central Level
c) The Regions
d) The National Agency for Regional Health Services
e) None of them
B
Are considered contraindications for vaccination
a) Febrile illness (>38°C)
b) Prematurity at birth
c) Pregnancy
d) HIV seropositivity
e) Hypersensitivity to any vaccine components
AE
If you are interested in the magnitude of a certain health problem in a defined population, which (choose two) would be appropriate risk measure?
a) Odd’s ratio
b) Risk ratio
c) Absolute risk
d) Incidence rate ratio
e) Prevalence
CE
Which of the following statements on West Nile Virus (WNV) infection are true
a) WNV belongs to the Caliciviridae family
b) WNV infection can be transmitted by blood transfusion
c) WNV infection can be transmitted by ticks
d) A vaccine for the prevention of WNV infection is available
e) WNV is transmitted to human through bites of infected mosquitos
BE
Which of the following are examples of good practice?
a) Pre-operative assessment
b) Attention to technology
c) Establishing standards and procedures
d) A robust accident and incident reporting system
e) A high standard of clinical documentation
ABCDE
The origin from which a host acquires infection is defined as
a) Reservoir of infection
b) Source of infection
c) Pathogen
d) Host susceptible
e) Vehicle
B
Which (one or more) of the following is/are a threat to the internal validity of a study?
a) Measurement bias (for example a systematic error in a blood analysis)
b) Selected study population (for example including only 20-25 year old women)
c) Power problems (too few participants)
d) Confounding
e) Recall bias (people with a disease remember their exposure differently than healthy people)
ADE
Pathogens more frequently associated with lower respiratory tract infections are
a) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
b) Candida albicans
c) Clostridium difficile
d) Coagulase negative staphylococci
e) Escherichia coli
A
Which (one or more) of the following factors can be regarded as confounding?
a) Smoking on the association between alcohol use and lung cancer
b) Alcohol use on the association between smoking and lung cancer
c) Obesity on the association between physical activity and cancer d) A high fat diet on the association between atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction
e) Warm air temperature on the association between ice cream consumption and death by
drowning
ACE
Which (one or more) of the following is a method to deal with confounding?
a) Restriction
b) Stratification
c) Regression analysis and adjustment
d) Matching
e) Randomization of the exposure groups
ABCDE
Which of the following sentences best describe the steps that health authorities need to consider when establishing a new surveillance system?
a) Statement of objectives, identification of adequate personnel, and implementation of
procedures for collecting, interpreting, and disseminating information, continuous evaluation of
the system
b) Statement of objectives, definition of the disease/condition under surveillance, and
implementation of procedures for collecting, interpreting, and disseminating information
c) Definition of the disease/condition under surveillance, identification of adequate personnel, and
implementation of procedures for collecting, interpreting, and disseminating information
d) Statement of objectives, definition of the disease/condition under surveillance, identification of
adequate personnel, and implementation of procedures for collecting, interpreting, and
disseminating information, continuous evaluation of the system
e) Statement of objectives, definition of the disease/condition under surveillance, identification of
adequate personnel, and implementation of procedures for collecting information, continuous
evaluation of the system
D
Which of the following statements on Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection are true?
a) Integrated viral DNA permanently expresses “early” viral genes
b) HPV types belonging to the Group 3 (2011 IARC classification) are not classifiable as
carcinogenic to humans
c) HPV-16 and HPV-18 are associated with over 70% of cervical cancers
d) HPV testing is able to detect only infections caused by high-risk oncogenic types (HR-HPV)
e) The HPV vaccine consists of virus-like particles (VLPs) and is type-specific
ABCE
What are DRGs?
a) A system of fixed tariffs to reimburse hospital inpatient service
b) A system of fixed tariffs to reimburse hospital outpatient service c) A set of assets
d) A source of profit
e) None of the others
A
In an experimental study to assess the toxicity of a chemical agent, what of the following parameters is not relevant?
a) The exposure route
b) The exposure duration
c) The diet of the animals
d) The animal species
e) The dose
C
