Past paper 2017 BS

Question 1

Apertures and contents of diaphragm

Answer 1

T8 Caval foramen:
Inferior vena cava, RIGHT phrenic nerve, lymphnnodes

T10 Oesophageal hiatus:
Oesophagus, vagal trunks, left gastric vessels

T12 Aortic hiatus:
aorta, thoracic duct, azygous vein

Three holes three structures

Question 2

Calot’s triangle

Answer 2

Cystohepatic triangle
Dissected during a cholecystectomy.

Superior border: Inferior surface of the liver
Lateral: cystic duct
Medial: Common hepatic duct

Question 3

Pancreatic cancer can spread via which lymphatic routes?

Answer 3

Lymph nodes of:
coeliac axis
Paraduodenal peritoneum
greater curve stomach
lesser curve stomach 
hilum of the spleen

Question 4

Cell type in ectocervix (outer)

Answer 4

Stratified squamous non keratinized epithelium

Question 5

Cell type in Endocervix

Answer 5

Mucus secreting simple columnar epithelium

Endocervix ends at internal os - uterine cavity begins

Question 6

Blood supply to the uterus

Answer 6

Uterine artery

Question 7

Lymphatic drainage of cervix

Answer 7

Iliac, sacral, aortic, inguinal lymph nodes

1) Lateral trunk- biggest lymphatic drainage pathway.
Travels thorugh patametrium and drains into the obturator, external iliac and common iliac nodes

2) Anterior trunks - smaller pathway, travels behind the bladder and drains into external iliac nodes
3) Posterior trunk- smaller drainage pathway, travels in the uterosacral ligament and terminate in the common iliac and para aortic

Question 8

Most common site for nodal metastasis in cervical caner

Answer 8

Obturator lymph nodes

then, external internal

Question 9

Six structures of Perineal body

Answer 9

Bulbospongious muscle
Transverse perineal - superficial 
Transverse Perineal - deep 
Anterior fibres of levator ani 
Fibres from the urethral sphincter
External anal sphincter

Question 10

Causes and Risk factors for Carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 10

CARPAL
COCP/CHF
ACROMEGALY
RENAL
PREGNANCY/POORLYTHYROID
ARTHRITIS
LARGE SIZE

Question 11

Hesselbach’s triangle

Answer 11

Medial – lateral border of the rectus abdominis muscle.
Lateral – inferior epigastric vessels.
Inferior – inguinal ligament.

Question 12

Where do acoustic neuroma’s arise from?

Answer 12

Cerebellopontine angle

Question 13

Horner’s syndrome triad

Answer 13

Miosis
ptosis
facial ipsilateral anhydrosis