Past Exam Papers Short Markers Flashcards
Suggest two reasons for rising life expectancy apart from improvement in health care and medicine
Improved diet and nutrition Improved housing Better health education Safer working conditions Improvements in sanitation
Explain what is meant by the infant mortality rate
The number of infants who die before their first birthday per 1000 live births a year
Reasons for the changes in divorce rate apart from changes in divorce law
Women's greater financial independence Rise of individualism Secularisation Rising expectations of marriage Lower birth rate/more childless couples
Explain what is meant by the nuclear family
Family consisting of two generations- heterosexual parents and 2/3 children
Reasons for the fall in infant mortality rate
Improvements in housing/nutrition/sanitation
Better knowledge of hygiene/child health issues
Ways in which adults may control the activities of children
Control over time and space
By neglect or abuse
Making education compulsory
Control over access to resources
What is meant by the matrifocal family
Family with a mother as the head of household
Reasons for the decline in the number of first marriages over the past 40 years or so
Secularisation
Increased fear of divorce
Higher expectations of marriage
Decline in stigma attached to cohabiting
Effects on society of an ageing population
Increase in dependency ratio
Raising of retirement age
Changing attitudes to ageing
Changes in family role and relationships
Changes demand for health and social care services
What is meant by dual burden
When a person has paid work but is also responsible for domestic labour
Explain the difference between expressive and instrumental roles
Expressive role - caring, nurturing role - women
Instrumental - breadwinner role - male
Ways in which the differences between children and adults are becoming less clear in society today
Children have more access to media
Greater commercialisation of childhood
Aspects of ‘youth culture’ enjoyed by adults
Rise of lifelong learning so education is not limited to childhood years
What is meant by social construction of childhood
Created by society and/or by social attitudes
Ways in which government policies and/or laws may shape the experiences of childhood today
Child protection Civil partnerships Welfare benefits Adoption/fostering Social services provision
Reasons why the birth rate has fallen since 1900
Fall in infant mortality Women now prioritise career Growth of child-centred ness Children financially dependent for longer Improved access to contraceptives
