Past And Present Flashcards
Practice Quiz Chapter 1
What is abnormal psychology?
The scientific study of abnormal behavior in an effort to describe, predict, explain, and change abnormal patterns of functioning.
What are norms?
A society’s stated and unstated rules for proper conduct
What are the 4 D’s of psychological abnormality?
- Deviance
- Distress
- Dysfunction
- Danger
Where does a society’s norms come from?
Culture: a people’s common history, values, institutions, habits, skills, technology, and arts.
What do judgments of deviance depend on?
Norms
Culture
Specific conditions
When is behavior dysfunctional?
When it interferes with daily functioning and distracts or confuses people so they can’t care for themselves.
__________ argues that societies invent the concept of mental illness so that they can control people whose unusual patterns of functioning threaten the social order.
Thomas Szasz
A trephine is
a stone instrument used to cut away a circular section of the skull.
All forms of therapy have which three essential features?
sufferer, healer, and a series of contacts between healer and sufferer
Behavior that is psychologically abnormal is not called:
mental instability
General paresis, an irreversible disorder that causes physical and mental symptoms, including paralysis and delusions of grandeur, was found to be caused by:
syphilis
A lycanthrope is more commonly known as a:
werewolf
Judgments of abnormality depend on _______________ as well as on cultural norms.
specific circumstances
The Boston schoolteacher who made humane care a public and political concern in 19th century America was:
Dorothea Dix
The policy of releasing patients from public mental hospitals was known as:
deinstitutionalization
The role of a clinical practitioner in abnormal psychology is to:
detect, assess, and treat abnormal patterns of functioning
Which was not among the list of mental disorders described by ancient Greeks and Romans?
bulimia
What are the four humors described by Hippocrates?
yellow bile- mania
black bile- melancholia
blood
phlegm
What is a humor?
According to the Greeks and Romans, bodily chemicals that influence mental and physical functioning
Before the 1950s, almost all outpatient care for psychological disturbances took the form of:
Private psychotherapy- an arrangement where a person directly pays a therapist for counseling services
What are psychotropic medications?
Drugs that mainly affect the brain and reduce symptoms of mental dysfunctioning
The treatment mechanism associated with touching a troubled area of a patient’s body with a special rod was:
mesmerism, which later evolved into hypnotism
Which of the following terms was the earliest used to describe those who we now refer to as mentally ill?
unstable
Which of the following is true regarding the Four Ds of abnormality?
None of the four Ds is, by itself, an adequate gauge of psychological abnormality.
Which of the following terms, which has come to mean a chaotic uproar derived its name from a London hospital where mentally ill patients were treated in horrendous ways?
Bedlam
The work of Dorothea Dix led to the establishment of 32 _____________ around the country?
State hospitals
The term eugenics refers to which of the following?
A political policy of preventing those who suffer from mental illness from reproducing.
According to ancient views of abnormality, if a standard exorcism failed to rid a person of their abnormal behaviors, which of the following steps would be taken?
The shaman would perform a more extreme exorcism, such as whipping or starving the person.
At present, which single viewpoint dominates the clinical field as the psychoanalytic perspective once did?
none
Which 19th century perspective held the view that abnormal psychological functioning has physical causes?
somatogenic
Roman is a loner. He lives in a cabin in the woods with no running water or electricity. While he manages to survive this way, living so far from the closest city makes it very hard for him to get and keep gainful employment. He is often unhappy with his situation, yet feels that he can do nothing to change it and has lived this way for years. Romans behavior may be considered all but which of the four D’s?
dangerous
Hippocrates believed that abnormal behavior was caused by:
imbalance of bodily fluids (humors)
The first asylum to treat the mentally ill was established in:
Belgium
According to research conducted on eccentric people, which of the following statements is true?
They have fewer emotional problems than the general public.
The French physician __________ was associated with asylum reform at La Bictre.
Philippe Pinel
Today, the dominant form of insurance coverage for mental health patients is:
managed care
Before the 1950s, psychotherapy was offered only by:
psychiatrists
Which is the most correct statement about the practice of exorcism today?
It is practiced by people in the Roman Catholic Church
The area of psychology concerned with the study and enhancement of positive feelings, traits, and abilities is:
positive psychology
Trying to correct the social conditions that give rise to psychological problems and identifying individuals who are at risk for developing emotional problems is known as:
prevention
The ___________ perspective views the chief causes of abnormal functioning as psychological.
psychogenic
What percentage of current psychiatrists are female?
25%
What percentage of current psychologists are female?
52%
What percentage of current social workers are women?
77%
What percentage of counselors are women?
90%
Insurance parity laws are concerned with:
providing equal coverage for mental and medical problems.
__________________ is generally defined as a procedure designed to change abnormal behavior into more normal behavior.
Treatment or therapy
In the middle ages in Europe, people who suffered the bite of a wolf spider believed that the only way to rid themselves of the resulting symptoms was to do a dance called a ________.
tarantella
Which German physician was the first to specialize in mental illness and is now considered the founder of the modern study of psychopathology?
Johann Weyer
The main difference between a psychiatrist and a psychologist is:
A psychiatrist is a medical doctor who can provide therapy and prescribe medication; a psychologist is NOT a medical doctor and cannot prescribe medication, but can provide therapy.
