Models of Abnormality

Question 1

What is a model?

Answer 1

A set of assumptions and concepts that help scientists explain and interpret observations. Also called a paradigm.

Question 2

What does a neurotransmitter do?

Answer 2

a chemical that released by one neuron, crosses that synaptic space to be received at receptors on the dendrites of neighboring neurons.

Question 3

Gestalt therapy was developed by

Answer 3

Fritz Perls

Question 4

According to Carl Rogers, a child who did not receive unconditional positive regard in early life is likely to acquire:

Answer 4

conditions of worth

Question 5

What 3 qualities must a therapist display throughout therapy?

Answer 5

unconditional positive regard (full & warm acceptance of client)
empathy (skillful listening and restatements)
genuineness (sincere communication)

Question 6

What are conditions of worth?

Answer 6

Standards that tell a person that they are lovable and acceptable only when they conform to certain guidelines.

Question 7

Cognitive therapists challenge their clients dysfunctional:

Answer 7

thoughts

Question 8

Depression has been linked to low activity of the neurotransmitters ________ and ________

Answer 8

serotonin; norepinephrine

Question 9

Huntingtons disease has been traced to a loss of cells in the:

Answer 9

basal ganglia and cortex

Question 10

In science, the perspectives used to explain phenomena are known as:

Answer 10

paradigms

Question 11

Prozac is the trade name for:

Answer 11

fluoxetine

Question 12

The defense mechanism involved when a man with homosexual tendencies responds by taking a strong antigay stance is:

Answer 12

reaction formation

Question 13

The example of a young boy developing a fear of sand because there is a sandbox in the yard where a dog barks and lunges demonstrates a principle of:

Answer 13

classical conditioning

Question 14

The oldest and most famous of the modern psychological models is the ____________ model.

Answer 14

psychodynamic

Question 15

What are the three types of biological treatments used today?

Answer 15

drug therapy
electroconvuslive therapy
psychosurgery

Question 16

According to Freud, the id operates in accordance with the ___________ principle.

Answer 16

pleasure

Question 17

According to psychodynamic theorists, when people behave with their therapist the way they interacted with their parents, they are demonstrating:

Answer 17

transference

Question 18

__________ are chemicals released into the bloodstream.

Answer 18

hormones

Question 19

Which is an inaccurate statement about the role of genes in abnormal behavior?

Answer 19

Genes probably play no part in mental disorders.

Question 20

Which of the following minority groups of individuals in the United States have higher dropout rates in therapy than white Americans?

Answer 20

all

Question 21

What is the main difference between group therapy and a self-help group?

Answer 21

In group therapy there is a trained therapist who leads the interaction, while a self-help group is conducted by people who share a similar problem without the help of a professional clinician.

Question 22

Which model of abnormality rests on the deterministic assumption that no symptom or behavior is accidental and that all behavior is determined by past experiences?

Answer 22

the psychodynamic model

Question 23

Which contemporary psychodynamic approach holds that therapists are key figures in the lives of patients–figures whose reactions and beliefs should be included in the therapy?

Answer 23

Relational psychoanalytic therapy

Question 24

Approximately what percentage of people claim that they never remember their dreams?

Answer 24

6%

Question 25

Albert Bandura argued that in order to feel happy and function effectively, people must develop a positive sense of:

Answer 25

self-efficacy

Question 26

__________ theorists believe that people are motivated by a need to have relationships and that severe problems between children and their caregivers may lead to abnormal development.

Answer 26

object relations

Question 27

The __________ helps to control emotions and memory.

Answer 27

hippocampus

Question 28

According to the psychodynamic model, someone who refuses to fully participate in therapy is said to be demonstrating:

Answer 28

resistance

Question 29

__________ therapy encourages people to accept responsibility for their lives and to live with greater meaning and values.

Answer 29

existential

Question 30

According to Aaron Becks cognitive theory, one illogical thought process regularly found in depression is __________, the drawing of broad negative conclusions on the basis of a single insignificant event.

Answer 30

overgeneralization

Question 31

According to the __________ model, human beings are driven to self-actualize, or to fulfill their natural potential for goodness and growth.

Answer 31

humanistic

Question 32

According to Freud, ___________ is a condition in which the id, ego, and superego do not mature properly and are frozen at an early stage of development.

Answer 32

fixation

Question 33

___________ is the most widely used antibipolar drug.

Answer 33

lithium

Question 34

Behavioral therapists base their explanations and treatments of mental abnormality on principles of:

Answer 34

learning

Question 35

3 current major model of mental abnormality?

Answer 35

biological
sociocultural
behavioral

Question 36

Cybertherapy raises 3 concerns about all of the following

Answer 36

lack of training
quality of care.
confidentiality.

Question 37

According to Freud, the _____ is the psychological force that represents a persons conscience.

Answer 37

superego

Question 38

The tiny space between the nerve ending of one neuron and the dendrite of the other is the

Answer 38

synapse

Question 39

A behavioral treatment in which clients with phobias gradually learn to react calmly instead of with intense fear of objects they dread is known as:

Answer 39

systematic desensitization

Question 40

the 3 roles of genes in abnormal behavior?

Answer 40

Researchers are able to identify some specific genes that cause some major mental disorders.
Researchers have not been able to identify any specific genes that cause most mental disorders.
In most cases, many genes combine to help produce dysfunctional behavior

Question 41

What is a primary difference between the humanistic and existential models?

Answer 41

The humanistic model believes that people are naturally inclined to live positively, while the existential model does not

Question 42

One of the main differences between group therapy and a self-help group is the presence in group therapy of:

Answer 42

a therapist is present

Question 43

The basic premise of family therapy is:

Answer 43

the entire family is viewed as the unit of treatment, even if only one of the members receives a clinical diagnosis

Question 44

When a 3-year-old boy climbed over a barrier at the Brookfield Zoo in Illinois in 1996 and fell into a gorilla compound, clinical theorists had a field day interpreting which of the events that took place after the boy fell?

Answer 44

A 160-pound gorilla picked up the boy, protected him, and carried him to rescue workers unharmed.

Question 45

Schizophrenia has been linked to which of the following changes in neurotransmitter activity?

Answer 45

increased dopamine

Question 46

To which brain region does the cerebellum belong?

Answer 46

hindbrain

Question 47

To which brain region does the hippocampus, basal ganglia, cortex, corpus callosum, and amygdala belong?

Answer 47

cerebrum