Models of Abnormality Flashcards
What is a model?
A set of assumptions and concepts that help scientists explain and interpret observations. Also called a paradigm.
What does a neurotransmitter do?
a chemical that released by one neuron, crosses that synaptic space to be received at receptors on the dendrites of neighboring neurons.
Gestalt therapy was developed by
Fritz Perls
According to Carl Rogers, a child who did not receive unconditional positive regard in early life is likely to acquire:
conditions of worth
What 3 qualities must a therapist display throughout therapy?
unconditional positive regard (full & warm acceptance of client)
empathy (skillful listening and restatements)
genuineness (sincere communication)
What are conditions of worth?
Standards that tell a person that they are lovable and acceptable only when they conform to certain guidelines.
Cognitive therapists challenge their clients dysfunctional:
thoughts
Depression has been linked to low activity of the neurotransmitters ________ and ________
serotonin; norepinephrine
Huntingtons disease has been traced to a loss of cells in the:
basal ganglia and cortex
In science, the perspectives used to explain phenomena are known as:
paradigms
Prozac is the trade name for:
fluoxetine
The defense mechanism involved when a man with homosexual tendencies responds by taking a strong antigay stance is:
reaction formation
The example of a young boy developing a fear of sand because there is a sandbox in the yard where a dog barks and lunges demonstrates a principle of:
classical conditioning
The oldest and most famous of the modern psychological models is the ____________ model.
psychodynamic
What are the three types of biological treatments used today?
drug therapy
electroconvuslive therapy
psychosurgery
According to Freud, the id operates in accordance with the ___________ principle.
pleasure
According to psychodynamic theorists, when people behave with their therapist the way they interacted with their parents, they are demonstrating:
transference
__________ are chemicals released into the bloodstream.
hormones
Which is an inaccurate statement about the role of genes in abnormal behavior?
Genes probably play no part in mental disorders.
Which of the following minority groups of individuals in the United States have higher dropout rates in therapy than white Americans?
all
What is the main difference between group therapy and a self-help group?
In group therapy there is a trained therapist who leads the interaction, while a self-help group is conducted by people who share a similar problem without the help of a professional clinician.
Which model of abnormality rests on the deterministic assumption that no symptom or behavior is accidental and that all behavior is determined by past experiences?
the psychodynamic model
Which contemporary psychodynamic approach holds that therapists are key figures in the lives of patients–figures whose reactions and beliefs should be included in the therapy?
Relational psychoanalytic therapy
Approximately what percentage of people claim that they never remember their dreams?
6%
Albert Bandura argued that in order to feel happy and function effectively, people must develop a positive sense of:
self-efficacy
__________ theorists believe that people are motivated by a need to have relationships and that severe problems between children and their caregivers may lead to abnormal development.
object relations
The __________ helps to control emotions and memory.
hippocampus
According to the psychodynamic model, someone who refuses to fully participate in therapy is said to be demonstrating:
resistance
__________ therapy encourages people to accept responsibility for their lives and to live with greater meaning and values.
existential
According to Aaron Becks cognitive theory, one illogical thought process regularly found in depression is __________, the drawing of broad negative conclusions on the basis of a single insignificant event.
overgeneralization
According to the __________ model, human beings are driven to self-actualize, or to fulfill their natural potential for goodness and growth.
humanistic
According to Freud, ___________ is a condition in which the id, ego, and superego do not mature properly and are frozen at an early stage of development.
fixation
___________ is the most widely used antibipolar drug.
lithium
Behavioral therapists base their explanations and treatments of mental abnormality on principles of:
learning
3 current major model of mental abnormality?
biological
sociocultural
behavioral
Cybertherapy raises 3 concerns about all of the following
lack of training
quality of care.
confidentiality.
According to Freud, the _____ is the psychological force that represents a persons conscience.
superego
The tiny space between the nerve ending of one neuron and the dendrite of the other is the
synapse
A behavioral treatment in which clients with phobias gradually learn to react calmly instead of with intense fear of objects they dread is known as:
systematic desensitization
the 3 roles of genes in abnormal behavior?
Researchers are able to identify some specific genes that cause some major mental disorders.
Researchers have not been able to identify any specific genes that cause most mental disorders.
In most cases, many genes combine to help produce dysfunctional behavior
What is a primary difference between the humanistic and existential models?
The humanistic model believes that people are naturally inclined to live positively, while the existential model does not
One of the main differences between group therapy and a self-help group is the presence in group therapy of:
a therapist is present
The basic premise of family therapy is:
the entire family is viewed as the unit of treatment, even if only one of the members receives a clinical diagnosis
When a 3-year-old boy climbed over a barrier at the Brookfield Zoo in Illinois in 1996 and fell into a gorilla compound, clinical theorists had a field day interpreting which of the events that took place after the boy fell?
A 160-pound gorilla picked up the boy, protected him, and carried him to rescue workers unharmed.
Schizophrenia has been linked to which of the following changes in neurotransmitter activity?
increased dopamine
To which brain region does the cerebellum belong?
hindbrain
To which brain region does the hippocampus, basal ganglia, cortex, corpus callosum, and amygdala belong?
cerebrum
