PASSMEDICINE Flashcards
Pregnant 22 yr/o admitted with preterm pre-ruptured membrane with
- abdominal pain
- uterine contractions
- flu like symptoms
- fever
- foul smelling discharge
What does she have?
chorioamnionitis
What is chorioamnionitis
Ascending urinary tract infection which can turn expose the sterile placenta to pathogens.
what is the worse case scenario for chorioamnionitis?
How is it managed?
Worse case scenario is pre-term rupturing of membranes.
Managed by:
- emergency delivery
- IV antibiotics
most common cause of neonatal sepsis?
Group B streptococci
What manouvre is used to deal with shoulder dystocia once identified?
Macroberts manœuvre
Gravida and parity meaning?
Gravida? number of times someone has been pregnant regardless of outcome
Parity: number of times foetus has reached gestational age but pregnancy was not brought to completion
How do you treat urge incontinence?
Bladder retraining
How do you treat stress incontinence?
Pelvic floor muscle training
what is the function of HcG?
Maintains the corpus luteum’s secretion of oestrogen and progesterone until the placenta takes over this role.
what is the function of oestrogen and progesterone in pregnancy?
Oestrogen: This stimulates the growth of the myometrium needed for strong uterine musculature during labour.
Progesterone: This is a smooth muscle relaxant during pregnancy (when it is necessary to suppress contractions).
what is pregnancy test also known as?
Urinary Beta Hcg
which type of breast cancer has the highest risk of spread to the contralateral breast?
Lobular carcinoma
Woman bleeds 500ml after vaginal delivery- she is multiparous- what is the most likely reason?
Uterine atopy - most common cause of PPH
what is the greatest risk from HRT?
Stroke
Most common benign breast condition in a 22yo.
Smooth lump, not attached to skin, does not look like a carcinoma?
Fibroadenoma
Most common cause of epidydimitis in a male over 35?
E.coli
What is there a fall in a neonate
- Pulmonary vascular resistance due to expansion of the lungs and blood vessels
- Flow from the PA to the aorta- closure of the PDA
- Direct flow from RA to LA- closure of the Foramen oval
How does HCG work?
- Glycoprotein
- produced steadily in first three months of pregnancy then declines
- It acts on the ovaries to maintain the CL
- It is formed in the chorion of the developing embryo
Sequence of events in the development of young girls during puberty?
- Increased secretion of hormones - particularly LH
- Adrenarche: production of adrenal hormone problems- causes acne, hirtuism, body odour- 9/10
- Gonadarche - breast budding- about 11
- Menarche
- Growth spurt: mid way through puberty
what does the sperm release to prevent polyspermy once an egg has been fertilised?
Calcium ions
which hormone stimulates the contraction of the mammary glands and the release of milk through the nipple?
Oxytocin- stimulated by the baby suckling on the nipple
Which hormone receptor is found on the theca cells?
LH receptors
Why do urea and creatinine fall during pregnancy?
Due to increased renal perfusion- removes
Increased plasma volume- dilutes
Which alters during pregnancy: SBP or DBP? when does it alter?
DBP- alters during the 1st/2nd trimester and returns to normal in the third
