PassMed/Capsule Flashcards
What is a positive Prehn’s sign? Condition with positive Prehn’s
Relief of scrotal pain when scrotum is lifted
- Epididymitis
Triad of features shaken baby syndrome
Retinal haemorrhages
Encephalopathy
Subdural haematoma
Which test is used in the newborn hearing screening programme?
What test is used if this is abnormal?
Otoacoustic emission test
If abnormal: brainstem response test
Which gene is affected in achondroplasia?
FGFR-3 (abnormal cartilage)
Features of achondroplasia
Short limbs and short fingers
Flattened nasal bridge
Trident hands
Large head with small foramen magnum
EEG findings West syndrome
Hypsarrhythmia
Types of spasm in West syndrome
Salaam attacks - flexion of head, neck and trunk followed by extension of arms
Children to what type of mothers are at a higher risk of transposition of the great arteries?
Diabetic
Is Hirschsprung’s disease more common in males or females?
Males
Initial management of Hirschsprung’s disease
Bowel washout/irrigation
Definitive management of Hirschsprung’s disease
Anorectal pull through
Diagnosis of Hirschsprung’s disease
Full thickness bowel biopsy
Is hypotension an early or late sign of shock?
Late
Average age on onset retinoblastoma
18 months
Ix for vesicuoureteric reflux
Micturiating cystourethrogram
Ix for renal scarring
DMSA
Features of growing pains
Never present after waking Intermittent Often bilateral No limp Systemically well No limitation to functional activity Worse after vigorous physical activity
Features of innocent murmurs
Soft, Systolic, Short, Symptomless, Standing/Sitting (vary with position
No radiation
No thrills
Asymptomatic child
No other sounds, e.g. clicks
Sandpaper rash
Straeberry tongue
Fever
Lymphadenopathy
Scarlet fever
What is scarlet fever a reaction to?
Erythrogenic toxins produced by Group A haemolytic strep (e.g. strep pyogenes)
Common causative organism croup
Parainfluenza viruses
Age of presentation croup
6 months - 6 years
Features of croup
Worse at night
95% viral
Barking cough
6 months - 6 years
In which season is croup most common?
Autumn
Pharm intervention for NOCTURNAL enuresis
Desmopressin ADH
Pharm intervention for daytime enuresis
Oxybutynin (anticholinergics)
Kawasaki disease initial treatment
High dose aspirin
Complications of Kawasaki disease
Coronary artery aneurysms (monitor with ECHO initially)
Commonest site of metastases Wilm’s tumour
Lung
When are APGAR scores assessed?
1, 5, 10 minutes
Fetal alcohol syndrome features
Short palpebral fissure Thin vermillion border/hypoplastic upper lip Smooth/absent filtrum Learning difficulties Microcephaly Growth retardation Epicanthic folds Cardiac malformations
Ix for necrotising enterocolitis
AXR
AXR sign - necrotising enterocolitis
Pneumatosis intestinalis (gas in bowel wall)
Signs necrotising enterocolitis
Distended, tender abdomen
Bilious vomiting
Blood in stool
Reduced movement