Oncology Flashcards
Two commonest cancers in childhood
Leukaemia
Brain tumour
What type of cancer is Down’s associated with?
Leukaemia
What type of cancer is NF associated with?
Glioma
Side effects if doxorubicin
Cardiotoxicity
Side effects of cisplatin
Renal failure and deafness
Side effects of cyclophosphamide
Haemorrhagic cystitis
Side effects of vincristine
Neuropathy
Do children or adolescents have poorer cancer outcomes?
Adolescents and young adults
5 years survival for childhood cancers
75%
Categories of presenting complaints of childhood cancer
Localised mass
Pressure effect/obstruction
Disseminated disease
Age of presentation ALL
2-5 years
Presentation of ALL
Insidious (weeks) onset:
- Malaise
- Pallor, lethargy (anaemia)
- Purpura/bruising (thrombocytopenia)
- Recurrent infection (neutropenia)
- Lymphadenopathy
- Hepatosplenomegaly
(Testicular enlargement in boys)
Ix for suspected ALL
Bloods (low Hb, plts, neutros, raised WCC) Blood film (blasts in periphery) Bone marrow (flow cytometry - CD34,3,19) Immunological phenotyping
Poor prognostic factors for ALL
Age <1, >10 years High tumour load (high WCC) MLL rearrangement Poor chemo response Large residual disease
Mx newly diagnosed ALL (with no CNS involvement)
Induction chemotherapy:
- prednisolone
- vincristine
- anthracycline (doxorubicin)
CD20+ Rituximab
bcr-abl Imatinib