Passmed Flashcards
receptor that anti-histamines work on
H1-receptors
receptor that antacids work on
H2-receptors
receptor that nasal decongestants work on
alpha 1 receptors
are nasal decongestants alpha 1 receptor agonists or antagonists
agonists
Mx of genital herpes in pregnancy, once the primary infection has been treated?
aciclovir tds from 36w until delivery
can have expectant delivery
why should topical chloramphenicol be avoided in preg women
risk of grey baby syndrome
high risk factor for developing PET
T2DM
what Ix is contraindicated for parotid gland tumour
percutaneous needle biopsy
- can cause seeding of the tumour along the needle track to the skin
1st line anti emetic used in preg
anti-histamines - cyclizine
s/e of metoclopramide
extra pyramidal side effects
is a corneal ulcer visible with the naked eye
no - only with fluorscein drops
is keratitis visible with the naked eye
yes - cluster of white cells in the cornea
what eye condition can giant cell arteritis lead to
anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy
carotid body aneurysm - associated with bruit?
yes
carotid body tumour - associated with bruit?
no
what eye problem does prolonged hypocalcaemia cause
cataracts
what eye problem does hypercalcaemia cause
corneal calcification
age for precocious puberty femlaes
development of secondary sexual characteristics <8
8 looks like boobies
acute systolic murmur that can happen post-MI and what causes it
mitral regurgitation
- rupture of the papillary muscles secondary to an MI
presentation VSD post-MI
acute heart failure associated with a pansystolic murmur
secondary prevention for pts with a stroke and AF
warfarin or factor Xa inhibitor (e.g. apixaban)
what to give pts before contrast if they are at risk of contrast nephropathy
IV NaCl infusion
how high would CK be in rhabdomyolysis
> 10,000
what electrolyte abnormality can thiazide diuretics cause
hyponatraemia
Ix for cervical spine #
CT scan of neck
presentation of supraventricualr premature beats
“feel as if heart stops followed by pounding sensation”
biochem primary hyperparathyroidism
high PTH, high Ca
Mx of AF if incidental finding, asymptomatic, with rate controlled and CHADSVAS score 0
no Tx
Mx paralytic ileus
nil by mouth, insert NG tube
presentation of lymphogranuloma venereum
enlarged lymph nodes and ulcer in rectal area (endemic in UK in MSM)
artery most commonly bleeding in peptic ulcer disease
gastroduodenal artery
Mx of pt with septic shock and signs of over hydration
vasoconstriction with noradrenaline/norepinephrine
Mx of pt with shoulder pain and no nerve symptoms
refer to physio
Where in brain do changes in early Alz disease occur
temporal lobe
post op analgesia to avoid in pt with respiratory disease
opioids
? carbon monoxide inhalation - what do you measure
carboxyhaemoglobin
Ix after unprovoked DVT
CT abdo/pelvis - identify possible malignancy
Tx needed for clot prevention in mechanical valves
aspirin and warfarin
what is a prospective cohort
group of individuals are followed to determine how these factors affect outcomes
what is a retrospective cohort
the group of individuals are looked at after the event has taken place
how long should pt be fasted pre-op
2h clear liquids, 6h for solids
Ix of a non-functioning thyroid nodule
ultrasound
most common cause of malaria
plasmodium falciparum (parasite)
how to tell the diff between hydrocele and epidiymal cysts as they both transilluminate
hydrocele - surrounds the testi
epididymal cyst - separate to the testi
1st line Tx for superficial thrombophlebitis
NSAIDs
lymphatic drainage of the ovaries
para-aortic nodes
what to test for if pt has recurrent candidiasis
DM (glycated Hb)
prophylactic Abx in PROM
erythromycin for 10d + maternal steroids
Abx in PROM if group B strep isolated
penicillin and clindamycin
reversal of resp depression caused by magnesium suplhate
calcium gluconate
ABC features of IBS
Abdominal pain
Bloating
Change in bowel habit
if preg woman tests -ve for rubella immunisation, what is the Mx of her
advise her to stay away from people who might have rubella - and give MMR in the post-natal period
breast cancer is a contraindication to what types of contraception
all hormonal forms !
what secretes bHCG and what is its role
synctiotrophoblasts - acts to maintain progesterone production by the corpus luteum
Mx PPH
- bimanual uterine compression + catheter
- Syntocinon 5 units slow IV
- Ergometrine
- Syntocinon infusion
- Carboprost
- Misoprostal rectal
- Surgical haemostasis - intrauterine balloon tamponade
is PAPP-A expected to be low or high in Downs syndrome
low
is b-HCG expected to be low or high in Downs syndrome
high
combined test for Down’s syndrome
nuchal translucency, b-HCG, PAPP-A
triple test for Down’s syndrome
AFP, b-HCG, unconjugated oestriol
quadruple test for Down’s syndrome
AFP, b-HCG, unconjugated oestriol, inhibin A
which diabetic drug is safe in breastfeeding
metformin
when is oxytocin given for active management of 3rd stage of labour, and how is it given
given after the delivery of the anterior shoulder, and is given IM
when should the measurement of the fundal-symphysis height start to match up with the gestational age of the foetus within 1-2cm
from 20w
meigs syndrome
pleural effusion
ascites
ovarian mass
grading hypertensive retinopathy
1 - silver wiring
2 - arteriovenous nipping
3 - cotton wool exudates, dot and blot haemorrhages
4 - papilloedema
does COPD cause finger clubbing?
no
most important initial investigation in TCA OD
ECG - prolonged QRS means at risk of seizures
