Passmed

Question 1

Dendritic ulcer

Answer 1

Herpes simplex keratitis

Question 2

Management of dendritic ulcer

Answer 2

Immediate referral to ophthalmologist

Topical aciclovir

Question 3

Flashes and floaters

Answer 3

Vitreous/retinal detachment

Question 4

What causes subcapsular cataracts?

Answer 4

Steroids

Question 5

What type of cataracts are common in old age

Answer 5

Nuclear cataracts

Question 6

Semi-dilated non-reacting pupil

Answer 6

Acute angle closure glaucoma

-may also see hazy cornea

Question 7

Adverse effect of latanoprost?

Answer 7

Brown pigmentation of the iris

Question 8

Which medication causes brown depigmentation of the iris?

Answer 8

Latanoprost

Question 9

What is a strong risk factor for ocular involvement in herpes zoster ophthalmicus?

Answer 9

If someone has vesicles on their nose (means it will probably spread to their eye)
These lesions on the nose are called Hutchinson’s sign

Question 10

How does retinitis pigmentosa present?

Answer 10

Problems with night vision and tunnel vision

Question 11

Prostitutes pupil

Answer 11

Argyll-Roberston pupil (accomodates but doe not constrict)

Question 12

Sudden painless loff of vision with severe retinal haemorrhages on fundoscopy

Answer 12

Central retinal vein occlusion

Question 13

Normal intraocular pressure

Answer 13

10-21 mmHg

Question 14

When are antioxidants for macular degeneration contraindicated?

Answer 14

Contraindicated in smokers

beta-carotene has been found to increase the risk of lung cancer

Question 15

How might pancoast tumour present?

Answer 15

Might present with Horner syndrome

Question 16

Treatment of stye

Answer 16

Regular warm steaming or soaking with warm flannel

Question 17

Firm, painless lump in the eyelid?

Answer 17

Chalazion

Question 18

Treatment of blepharitis?

Answer 18

Softening of the lid - do this with hot compress

Mechanical removal of lid debris

Question 19

Treatment of herpes zoster opthalmicus

Answer 19

Oral aciclovir

Question 20

Treatment for acute optic neuritis

Answer 20

High dose steroids

Question 21

This can be associated with reduced knee and ankle reflexes

Answer 21

Holmes-Adie pupil

Question 22

When should you start screening people with a positive history of glaucoma?

Answer 22

Should start screening from age 35

Question 23

Risk factor for macular degeneration

Answer 23

Smoking

Question 24

Calcium and cataracts?

Answer 24

Hypocalcaemia predisoposes to cataract formation

Question 25

What is a holmes-adie pupil?

Answer 25

Inability of pupil to constrict

• most cases are unilateral
• poor constriction in light
• accomodation okay

Question 26

What is an argyll-robertson pupil?

Answer 26

Bilaterally small pupils that accomodate but do not constrict when exposed to bright light

Question 27

What is a marcus-gunn pupil?

Answer 27

Seen in RAPD

Question 28

What is a hutchinson pupil?

Answer 28

Unilateral pupil which is unresponsive to light - fixed and dilated pupil
-caused by compression of the IIIrd nerve by uncal herniation

Question 29

What gene is affected in retinoblastoma?

Answer 29

The Rb-1 gene (a tumour suppressor gene)

Question 30

Blue sclerae

Answer 30

Ehlers-Danlos

Question 31

Lisch nodules

Answer 31

Neurofibromatosis (usually NF type 1)

Question 32

Brushfield spots

Answer 32

Down’s syndrome

Question 33

Band keratopathy

Answer 33

Hypercalcaemia

Question 34

Which part of the eye is responsible for the blind spot?

Answer 34

The optic disc

Question 35

Hallmark of anterior uveitis

Answer 35

The presence of inflammatory cells in the aqueous