Passmed Flashcards
Dendritic ulcer
Herpes simplex keratitis
Management of dendritic ulcer
Immediate referral to ophthalmologist
Topical aciclovir
Flashes and floaters
Vitreous/retinal detachment
What causes subcapsular cataracts?
Steroids
What type of cataracts are common in old age
Nuclear cataracts
Semi-dilated non-reacting pupil
Acute angle closure glaucoma
-may also see hazy cornea
Adverse effect of latanoprost?
Brown pigmentation of the iris
Which medication causes brown depigmentation of the iris?
Latanoprost
What is a strong risk factor for ocular involvement in herpes zoster ophthalmicus?
If someone has vesicles on their nose (means it will probably spread to their eye)
These lesions on the nose are called Hutchinson’s sign
How does retinitis pigmentosa present?
Problems with night vision and tunnel vision
Prostitutes pupil
Argyll-Roberston pupil (accomodates but doe not constrict)
Sudden painless loff of vision with severe retinal haemorrhages on fundoscopy
Central retinal vein occlusion
Normal intraocular pressure
10-21 mmHg
When are antioxidants for macular degeneration contraindicated?
Contraindicated in smokers
beta-carotene has been found to increase the risk of lung cancer
How might pancoast tumour present?
Might present with Horner syndrome
Treatment of stye
Regular warm steaming or soaking with warm flannel
Firm, painless lump in the eyelid?
Chalazion
Treatment of blepharitis?
Softening of the lid - do this with hot compress
Mechanical removal of lid debris
Treatment of herpes zoster opthalmicus
Oral aciclovir
Treatment for acute optic neuritis
High dose steroids
This can be associated with reduced knee and ankle reflexes
Holmes-Adie pupil
When should you start screening people with a positive history of glaucoma?
Should start screening from age 35
Risk factor for macular degeneration
Smoking
Calcium and cataracts?
Hypocalcaemia predisoposes to cataract formation
What is a holmes-adie pupil?
Inability of pupil to constrict
- most cases are unilateral
- poor constriction in light
- accomodation okay
What is an argyll-robertson pupil?
Bilaterally small pupils that accomodate but do not constrict when exposed to bright light
What is a marcus-gunn pupil?
Seen in RAPD
What is a hutchinson pupil?
Unilateral pupil which is unresponsive to light - fixed and dilated pupil
-caused by compression of the IIIrd nerve by uncal herniation
What gene is affected in retinoblastoma?
The Rb-1 gene (a tumour suppressor gene)
Blue sclerae
Ehlers-Danlos
Lisch nodules
Neurofibromatosis (usually NF type 1)
Brushfield spots
Down’s syndrome
Band keratopathy
Hypercalcaemia
Which part of the eye is responsible for the blind spot?
The optic disc
Hallmark of anterior uveitis
The presence of inflammatory cells in the aqueous
