Passmed 3 Flashcards
What inf can piggyback on a chickenpox infections
Chickenpox increases the risk of invasive group A streptococcal soft tissue infections including necrotising fasciitis
(staph A)
What might cause a more severe form of bronchiolitis
Congen heart disease
What is a ‘tet’ spell
cyanosis and loss of consciousness following a period of upset - also ejection systolic murmer
asso with tetralogy of fallot
what intervention reduces the likelihood of significant hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury in newborns
therapeutic cooling
what virus causes croup
parainfluenza virus
when do febrile convulsions typically occur
6mo to 5y
what is the diagnostic inv for nec and what will it show
abdo xray
dilated loops, bowel wall oedema, intramural gas, football sign, rigler sign
when are APGAR scores measured
1, 5 and 10 mins of life
what will blood tests in pyloric stenosis show
hypochloraemic, hypokalaemic alkalosis
what is the inv of choice for VUR
micturating cysturethrogram
what s the most common complication and most common cause of death in measels
complication = otitis media death = pneumonia
what is ITP often preceded by
self limiting viral inf (eg glandular fever)
how may whooping cough present alternatively in young infants
young infants unable to take large breath required for whoop after fits
present with apnoea + the classic coryzal symptoms followed by violent coughing fits
what cardiac complication is associated with fragile X syndrome
mitral valve prolapse
how will fragile X syndrom present
Learning difficulties large low set ears, long thin face, high arched palate macroorchidism hypotonia autism is more common mitral valve prolapse
how will infantile colic present
characterised by bouts of excessive crying and pulling-up of the legs, often worse in the evening
what is the gold standard for diagnosis of hirchsprungs disease
rectal biopsy
what is a major risk factor for NRDS
prematurity
what is a major risk factor for TTN
C sec
what is a major risk factor for aspiration pneumonia
meconium staining of liquor
what are the specific indicators of a life threatening asthma attack
Cyanosis Poor respiratory effort Peak expiratory flow rate < 33% Silent chest Altered level of consciousness normal pCO2
main cause of large painless GI bleed in infants
Meckels diverticulum
most common cause of headaches in kids
migraine
what is assessed to give an apgar score
pulse resp effort colour muscle tone reflex irritability
what medication is given to maintain a patent ductus arteriosus and when is it given
prostaglandin E1 given in cyanotic congen heart disease
when should a child with scarlet fever return to school
24 hrs after staring antibiotics
If a child has a tet spell, what murmer will the likely have
mid-systolic ejection murmer
How will DKA present on bloods
PH < 7.3 or bicarbonate < 15
Hyperglycaemia (>11)
Blood ketones >3
what is the first line treatment for intersussception
Reduction using fluoroscopy with air
how is NEC managed
laparotomy
what is the treatment for hirschprungs
initially rectal washouts, then an anorectal pull through procedure
what is the first line treatment of suspected mycoplasma pneumonia in children
erythromycin
what is the typical history of bronchiolitis
increasing breathlessness, wheezing and reduced feeding, preceded by mild coryzal symptoms
what are some red flags according to the NICE paediatric traffic light system
resp rate >60 grunting reduced skin turgor <3mo and temp >38 non blanching rash bulging fontanelle neck stiffness status elipticus
what is the most common cause of childhood hypothyroidism in the uk
AI thyroiditis
what blood test finding would support a diagnosis of biliary atrasia
raised conjugated billirubin