Passmed

Question 1

what infection causes acute epiglotitis

Answer 1

Haemophilus influenzae type B

Question 2

Features of acute epiglotitis

Answer 2

rapid onset
high temperature, generally unwell
stridor
drooling of saliva
'tripod' position: the patient finds it easier to breathe if they are leaning forward and extending their neck in a seated position

Question 3

What should you do if acute epiglotitis suspected

Answer 3

admit

do not examine throat in primary care

Question 4

How is a diagnosis of acute epiglotitis made

Answer 4

Direct visualisation (only done by senior colleague)

X rays if concern about foreign body

Question 5

What are the features of duchenne muscular dystrophy

Answer 5

delayed walking, calf hypertrophy and proximal muscle weakness, Gowers sign (child uses arms to stand from squated position)

typically presents at 5y

Question 6

how is a diagnosis of duchenne muscular dystrophy amade

Answer 6

genetic testing

is X linked recessive

Question 7

Give 4 causes of jaundice in the first 24hrs of life

Answer 7

Rhesus haemolytic disease
ABO haemolytic disease
hereditary spherocytosis
glucose-6-phosphodehydrogenase

Question 8

What is the main cause of neonatal sepsis

Answer 8

Maternal group B strep

Question 9

At what age does atopic eczema typically present in children?

Answer 9

<2y

Question 10

Where in the childhood immunisation schedule is the Meningitis B vaccine given

Answer 10

2,4 and 12mo

Question 11

what is the main risk factors for transient tachypnoea of the newborn

Answer 11

Caesarian section, low birth weight, macrosomia, maternal asthma, and maternal diabetes mellitus

Question 12

what will a chest XRay show in TTN

Answer 12

hyperinflation of the lungs and fluid in the horizontal fissure

Question 13

what is heard in a child with patent ductus arteriosum

Answer 13

continuous murmur heard loudest under the left clavicle

Question 14

what causes scarlet fever

Answer 14

Group A haemolytic strep

Question 15

What inv is udeful for diagnosing nec enterocolitis

Answer 15

Abdo X ray

Question 16

what will you see on an abdo X ray in Nec ent

Answer 16

gas cycts in bowel wall
dilated bowel loops
bowel wall oedema

Question 17

what is the most common ocular malig found in children

Answer 17

retinoblastoma

Question 18

what is the most common presenting symtpo of retinoblastoma

Answer 18

absence of red-reflex, replaced by a white pupil (leukocoria)

Question 19

what must always be taken in croup

Answer 19

single dose of oral dexamethasone (0.15 mg/kg)

Question 20

what are the features of croup

Answer 20

stridor
barking cough (worse at night)
fever
coryzal symptoms (common cold)

Question 21

what is the management of uncomplicated TTN

Answer 21

observation, supportive care

supplementary oxygen may be required to maintain oxygen saturations

Question 22

what is common complication of viral gastroenteritis

Answer 22

lactose intolerance

Question 23

most common cause of gasroenteritis in children

Answer 23

rotavirus

Question 24

what is Benign rolandic epilepsy characterised by

Answer 24

partial seizures at night that resolve by adolescence

Children suffer focal motor seizures, usually involving one side of the face and/or the muscles that involve speech and swallowing. Symptoms may develop into a generalised tonic-clonic seizure

Question 25

what is childhood absence epilepsy characterised by

Answer 25

brief and often unnoticed absence seizures which happen frequently (up to 100 times a day)

Question 26

Which babies shuold get the BCG vaccine

Answer 26

BCG vaccination is recommended for babies up to one year of age who:

• are born in areas of the UK with high rates of TB
• have a parent or grandparent who was born in a country with high rates of TB

Question 27

what are the causes of neonatal hypotonia

Answer 27

Prader willi
neonatal sepsis
hypothyroidism
spinal muscular atrophy type 1

Question 28

what should breech babies born at 36w+ be offered

Answer 28

USS of pelvis to assess for develpmental dysplasia