Passmed Flashcards
what infection causes acute epiglotitis
Haemophilus influenzae type B
Features of acute epiglotitis
rapid onset high temperature, generally unwell stridor drooling of saliva 'tripod' position: the patient finds it easier to breathe if they are leaning forward and extending their neck in a seated position
What should you do if acute epiglotitis suspected
admit
do not examine throat in primary care
How is a diagnosis of acute epiglotitis made
Direct visualisation (only done by senior colleague)
X rays if concern about foreign body
What are the features of duchenne muscular dystrophy
delayed walking, calf hypertrophy and proximal muscle weakness, Gowers sign (child uses arms to stand from squated position)
typically presents at 5y
how is a diagnosis of duchenne muscular dystrophy amade
genetic testing
is X linked recessive
Give 4 causes of jaundice in the first 24hrs of life
Rhesus haemolytic disease
ABO haemolytic disease
hereditary spherocytosis
glucose-6-phosphodehydrogenase
What is the main cause of neonatal sepsis
Maternal group B strep
At what age does atopic eczema typically present in children?
<2y
Where in the childhood immunisation schedule is the Meningitis B vaccine given
2,4 and 12mo
what is the main risk factors for transient tachypnoea of the newborn
Caesarian section, low birth weight, macrosomia, maternal asthma, and maternal diabetes mellitus
what will a chest XRay show in TTN
hyperinflation of the lungs and fluid in the horizontal fissure
what is heard in a child with patent ductus arteriosum
continuous murmur heard loudest under the left clavicle
what causes scarlet fever
Group A haemolytic strep
What inv is udeful for diagnosing nec enterocolitis
Abdo X ray
what will you see on an abdo X ray in Nec ent
gas cycts in bowel wall
dilated bowel loops
bowel wall oedema
what is the most common ocular malig found in children
retinoblastoma
what is the most common presenting symtpo of retinoblastoma
absence of red-reflex, replaced by a white pupil (leukocoria)
what must always be taken in croup
single dose of oral dexamethasone (0.15 mg/kg)
what are the features of croup
stridor barking cough (worse at night) fever coryzal symptoms (common cold)
what is the management of uncomplicated TTN
observation, supportive care
supplementary oxygen may be required to maintain oxygen saturations
what is common complication of viral gastroenteritis
lactose intolerance
most common cause of gasroenteritis in children
rotavirus
what is Benign rolandic epilepsy characterised by
partial seizures at night that resolve by adolescence
Children suffer focal motor seizures, usually involving one side of the face and/or the muscles that involve speech and swallowing. Symptoms may develop into a generalised tonic-clonic seizure
what is childhood absence epilepsy characterised by
brief and often unnoticed absence seizures which happen frequently (up to 100 times a day)
Which babies shuold get the BCG vaccine
BCG vaccination is recommended for babies up to one year of age who:
- are born in areas of the UK with high rates of TB
- have a parent or grandparent who was born in a country with high rates of TB
what are the causes of neonatal hypotonia
Prader willi
neonatal sepsis
hypothyroidism
spinal muscular atrophy type 1
what should breech babies born at 36w+ be offered
USS of pelvis to assess for develpmental dysplasia
