Passmed 2 Flashcards
What heart defect and murmer will lithium use in pregnancy cause
Ebsteins anomaly -> pan systolic murmer and mid diastolic murmer
when will ebsteins anomaly present
days after birth
when will tetralogy of fallot present
1-2 months of age
what IV drug is given in bacterial meningitis in <3mo
amoxicillin IV (or ampicillin)
what is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in children
respiratory causes - hypoxia
how will an umbilical granuloma present
in first few weeks of life
small, red growth of tissue in centre of umbilicus
wet and leaks out small amounts of clear or yellow fluid
What are the diagnostic criteria for whooping cough
acute cough lasted 14 days+ with one or more of following features:
- paroxysmal cough,
- inspiratory whoop
- post tussive vomiting
- undiagnosed apnoeic attacks in young kids
what features are indicative of childhood sexual abuse
recurrent UTIs, anal fissures, anal bruising, enuresis, behavioral problems
how does perthes disease present
progressive hip pain, limp and stiffness
what is the inv of choice for Slipped upper femoral epiphysis
plain X-ray of both hips (AP and frog-leg views)
what factors would suggest slipped upper femoral epiphysis
boys aged 10-15, obese
hip, groin, medial thigh or knee pain
loss of internal rotation of leg in flexion (presents with externally rotated leg)
what tests do breech babies born after 36 weeks require
all require USS for DDH at 6 weeks, regardless of mode of delivery
what result on a heel prick test will suggest CF and how should the baby then be testedd
High immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT)
confirmed with sweat test
what are the SSRIs of choice in breastfeeding women
sertraline, paroxetine
how does roseola infantum present
typically in 6mo-2y high fever for a few days followed later by: -maculopapular rash -blanching, rose-ink papules on trunk -diarrhoea and cough
what is exomphalon (omphalocele)
foetal abdo wall defect, contents protrude through anterior abdo wall but are covered in an amniotic sac
Csec and staged repair
what is the most common cause of nappy rash and how does it present
irritant dermatitis
creases are spared
how will candida nappy rash present
erythematous rash that involves flexures and has satellite lesions
What should be given alongside antibiotics in suspected bac meningitis, why is it given and who is it not given to
Dexamethasone to prevent hearing loss
not given to younger that 3mo
what features are indicative of kawasaki disease
High fever lasting >5 days
red palms with desquamation
strawberry tongue
who should not get labetalol
asthmatics - give nifedipine instead
how will william’s syndrome present
A boy with learning difficulties is noted to be extremely friendly and extroverted. He has short for his age and has supravalvular aortic stenosis
which infection will results in a ‘slapped cheek’ look
Parvovirus B19
how will measles present
Prodrome: irritable, conjunctivitis, fever
Koplik spots: white spots (‘grain of salt’) on buccal mucosa
Rash: starts behind ears then to whole body, discrete maculopapular rash becoming blotchy & confluent
how will mumps present
Fever, malaise, muscular pain
Parotitis (‘earache’, ‘pain on eating’): unilateral initially
how will rubella present
pink maculopapular rash, initially on face before spreading to whole body, usually fades by the 3-5 day
how will scarlett fever present
Fever, malaise, tonsillitis
‘Strawberry’ tongue
Rash - fine punctate erythema sparing the area around the mouth
what causes hand, foot and mouth disease
Coxsackie A16 virus`
how will coxsackie A16 present
hand foot and mouth disease
Mild systemic upset: sore throat, fever
Vesicles in the mouth and on the palms and soles of the feet
what is the most common cause of ambigous genetalia in newborns
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
how will coeliac disease present
failure to thrive
diarrhoea
abdominal distension
older children may present with anaemia
how is coeliac disease diagnosed
IgA TTG antibodies
what will an abdo xray show in hirschsprung’s disease
dilated loops of bowel with fluid levels
what will an abdo xray show in meconium ileus
distended coils of bowel and typical mottled ground glass appearance. Fluid levels are scarce
how will laryngomalacia present
otherwise well infant with noisy breathing
presents at birth and worsens in first few weeks of life, self resolves after 2y
softening of larynx cartilage -> collapse on insp
how will inhaled foreign body present
Sudden onset: coughing, choking, vom, stridor
how will croup present
stridor, barking cough (worse at night) fever coryzal symptoms
what inf causes acute epiglotitis
Haemophillus influenzae type B
how will acute epiglotitis present
rapid onset
toxic unwell child
hypersaliv
stridor
