Passmed

Question 1

what is budd chiari syndrome

Answer 1

occlusion of the hepatic veins (which drain the liver), leading to a triad of abdominal pain, ascites, and hepatomegaly

Question 2

what HLA is haemochromatosis linked to

Answer 2

HLA- A3

Question 3

Pathological features of liver cirrhosis

Answer 3

excess collagen and extracellular matrix deposition in periportal and pericentral zones leading to the formation of regenerative nodules

Question 4

common causes of chronic pancreatitis

Answer 4

• cystic fibrosis
• hereditary haemochromatosis

Question 5

Sheehans syndrome occurs due to …?

Answer 5

pituitary ischaemia secondary to blood loss during or after childbirth. It presents with symptoms consistent with global hypopituitarism, such as agalactorrhoea (prolactin), amenorrhoea (FSH and LH), cold intolerance and constipation (thyroid hormones) and weight loss (steroid hormones).

Question 6

acute mesenteric iscahemia is categorised by

Answer 6

sudden onset generalised abdominal pain, and is typically described in exams as ‘out of proportion to examination findings’. Diarrhoea is a symptom associated with acute mesenteric ischaemia.

Question 7

what is the most common site for ischaemic collitis

Answer 7

splenic flexure

Question 8

What would ercp show for chronic pancreatitis

Answer 8

• chain of lakes

Question 9

Which of the following paraneoplastic syndromes is most likely to be associated with pancreatic cancer?

Trousseau syndrome

Erythema gyratum repens

Acanthosis nigricans

Dermatomyositis

Lambert Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS)

Answer 9

Troussea syndrome also known as migratory thrombophlebitis

Question 10

Which tumour marker is most commonly used in initial screening for suspected pancreatic cancer?

Answer 10

ca19-9

Question 11

what gene mutation is associated with pancreatic cancer

Answer 11

KRAS

Question 12

an isolated rise in bilirubin in response to physiological stress is typical of ?

Answer 12

gilberts syndrome

Question 13

Courvoisers law states that …

Answer 13

in the presence of painless obstructive jaundice, a palpable gallbladder is unlikely to be due to gallstones

Question 14

loss of what enzyme is a key feature in the development of steatorrhea

Answer 14

lipase

Question 15

bile acid malabsorption can lead to …..

Answer 15

steatorrhea
vit A D E K malabsorption

Question 16

a patient took a paracetmaol overdose what metric would be used to indicate whether or not this patient needed a liver transplant

Answer 16

an arterial ph of less than 7.3 24hrs after ingestion

Question 17

Most sensitive diagnostic investigation for hiatus hernia

Answer 17

Barium swallow x ray

Question 18

what does increased oestrogen on background of liver cirrhosis cause

Answer 18

Palmar erythema
Spider Naevi
Gynecomastia

Question 19

typical presentation of primary billiary cholangitis

Answer 19

white female very itchy , dry skin and a history of auto immune

Question 20

typical px of primary sclerosing cholangitis

Question 21

lung and liver symptoms =?

Answer 21

alpha 1 anti trypsin

autosomal recessive condition

Question 22

an CXR showing air under the diaphgram is most likely

Answer 22

perforated duodenal ulcer

Question 23

bruising around the belly button is what sign

Answer 23

cullens sign

Question 24

bruising around the flank is what sign

Answer 24

grey turners