Passmed Flashcards
what is budd chiari syndrome
occlusion of the hepatic veins (which drain the liver), leading to a triad of abdominal pain, ascites, and hepatomegaly
what HLA is haemochromatosis linked to
HLA- A3
Pathological features of liver cirrhosis
excess collagen and extracellular matrix deposition in periportal and pericentral zones leading to the formation of regenerative nodules
common causes of chronic pancreatitis
- cystic fibrosis
- hereditary haemochromatosis
Sheehans syndrome occurs due to …?
pituitary ischaemia secondary to blood loss during or after childbirth. It presents with symptoms consistent with global hypopituitarism, such as agalactorrhoea (prolactin), amenorrhoea (FSH and LH), cold intolerance and constipation (thyroid hormones) and weight loss (steroid hormones).
acute mesenteric iscahemia is categorised by
sudden onset generalised abdominal pain, and is typically described in exams as ‘out of proportion to examination findings’. Diarrhoea is a symptom associated with acute mesenteric ischaemia.
what is the most common site for ischaemic collitis
splenic flexure
What would ercp show for chronic pancreatitis
- chain of lakes
Which of the following paraneoplastic syndromes is most likely to be associated with pancreatic cancer?
Trousseau syndrome
Erythema gyratum repens
Acanthosis nigricans
Dermatomyositis
Lambert Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS)
Troussea syndrome also known as migratory thrombophlebitis
Which tumour marker is most commonly used in initial screening for suspected pancreatic cancer?
ca19-9
what gene mutation is associated with pancreatic cancer
KRAS
an isolated rise in bilirubin in response to physiological stress is typical of ?
gilberts syndrome
Courvoisers law states that …
in the presence of painless obstructive jaundice, a palpable gallbladder is unlikely to be due to gallstones
loss of what enzyme is a key feature in the development of steatorrhea
lipase
bile acid malabsorption can lead to …..
steatorrhea
vit A D E K malabsorption
a patient took a paracetmaol overdose what metric would be used to indicate whether or not this patient needed a liver transplant
an arterial ph of less than 7.3 24hrs after ingestion
Most sensitive diagnostic investigation for hiatus hernia
Barium swallow x ray
what does increased oestrogen on background of liver cirrhosis cause
Palmar erythema
Spider Naevi
Gynecomastia
typical presentation of primary billiary cholangitis
white female very itchy , dry skin and a history of auto immune
typical px of primary sclerosing cholangitis
lung and liver symptoms =?
alpha 1 anti trypsin
autosomal recessive condition
an CXR showing air under the diaphgram is most likely
perforated duodenal ulcer
bruising around the belly button is what sign
cullens sign
bruising around the flank is what sign
grey turners
