Infections of GI tract and Hepatobilliary system Flashcards
stable normal flora produce antimicrobial substances which discourage infection by
-prevent infection by interfering and competing with pathogens
- Produce its own antibacterial substances
-gastric acid kills most organisms that are swallowed
- bile has antibacterial properties
define diarrhoea
defined as the passage of loose or watery stools, typically at least three times in a 24-hour period
how long does acute diarrhoea last
14 days
how long does persistent diarrhoea last
more than 14 but fewer than 30 days
how long does chronic diarrhoea last
more than 30 days
causes of infective diarrhoea
intraluminal infection
systemic infections
non infective causes of diarrhoea
cancer
chemical
IBS
radiation
Diarrhoea of small bowel origin is typically…
watery, large volume, assocaited with cramping , bloating and flatlulence
most common cause of watery diarrhoea
E COLI
what is an enterotoxin
a toxin produced in or affecting the intestines, such as those causing food poisoning or cholera.
bacterial causes of watery diarrhoea
cholera
enterotoxins
s. aureus
what does giardia cause
offensive diarrhoea, can be chronic bloating, flatulence, nurseries/old age facilities
Diarrhoea caused by invasive bacteria
salmonella enteritidis
shigella dystenteriae
E coli
bacterial causes of dysentery
C – Campylobacter
E – E. coli
S – Shigella
S - Salmonella
what is dysentery
nfection of the intestines that causes diarrhoea containing blood or mucus.
medications that can cause diarrhoea
cephalosporins
cindamycin
co- amoxiclav
common bacteria in meat / bbqs
campylobacter
diarrhoea red flags
Dehydration
Electrolyte imbalance
Renal failure
Immunocompromise
Severe abdominal pain
Cancer risk factors
what is acute cholecystitis
gall bladder inflammation due to cystic duct obstruction via gall stones
what population will most commonly present with acute cholecystitis
female
fat
forty
female
fair
how will acute cholecystitis present
right upper quadrant pain
epigastric pain
fever
leucosytosis
how would you diagnose and treat acute cholecystitis
By US
IV fluids, analgesia and antibiotics
what is ascending cholangitis
obstruction of the common bile duct by stricture stone
how does ascending cholangitis present
fever
abdo pain
jaundice
