Infections of GI tract and Hepatobilliary system Flashcards

1
Q

stable normal flora produce antimicrobial substances which discourage infection by

A

-prevent infection by interfering and competing with pathogens
- Produce its own antibacterial substances
-gastric acid kills most organisms that are swallowed
- bile has antibacterial properties

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2
Q

define diarrhoea

A

defined as the passage of loose or watery stools, typically at least three times in a 24-hour period

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3
Q

how long does acute diarrhoea last

A

14 days

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4
Q

how long does persistent diarrhoea last

A

more than 14 but fewer than 30 days

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5
Q

how long does chronic diarrhoea last

A

more than 30 days

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6
Q

causes of infective diarrhoea

A

intraluminal infection
systemic infections

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7
Q

non infective causes of diarrhoea

A

cancer
chemical
IBS
radiation

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8
Q

Diarrhoea of small bowel origin is typically…

A

watery, large volume, assocaited with cramping , bloating and flatlulence

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9
Q

most common cause of watery diarrhoea

A

E COLI

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10
Q

what is an enterotoxin

A

a toxin produced in or affecting the intestines, such as those causing food poisoning or cholera.

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11
Q

bacterial causes of watery diarrhoea

A

cholera
enterotoxins
s. aureus

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12
Q

what does giardia cause

A

offensive diarrhoea, can be chronic bloating, flatulence, nurseries/old age facilities

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13
Q

Diarrhoea caused by invasive bacteria

A

salmonella enteritidis
shigella dystenteriae
E coli

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14
Q

bacterial causes of dysentery

A

C – Campylobacter

E – E. coli

S – Shigella

S - Salmonella

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15
Q

what is dysentery

A

nfection of the intestines that causes diarrhoea containing blood or mucus.

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16
Q

medications that can cause diarrhoea

A

cephalosporins
cindamycin
co- amoxiclav

17
Q

common bacteria in meat / bbqs

A

campylobacter

18
Q

diarrhoea red flags

A

Dehydration
Electrolyte imbalance
Renal failure
Immunocompromise
Severe abdominal pain
Cancer risk factors

19
Q

what is acute cholecystitis

A

gall bladder inflammation due to cystic duct obstruction via gall stones

20
Q

what population will most commonly present with acute cholecystitis

A

female
fat
forty
female
fair

21
Q

how will acute cholecystitis present

A

right upper quadrant pain
epigastric pain
fever
leucosytosis

22
Q

how would you diagnose and treat acute cholecystitis

A

By US
IV fluids, analgesia and antibiotics

23
Q

what is ascending cholangitis

A

obstruction of the common bile duct by stricture stone

24
Q

how does ascending cholangitis present

A

fever
abdo pain
jaundice