jaundice (Daiyan watch osmosis for this too) Flashcards

1
Q

what is jaundice

A

raised serum bilirubin presenting as yellowing of the skin, sclera and mucous membranes

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2
Q

what is unconjugated bilirubin also known as

A

pre heptatic

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3
Q

what is conjugated bilirubin also known as

A

cholestatic

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4
Q

3 types of jaundice

A

pre hepatic
hepatic
post hepatic

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5
Q

prehepatic jaundice would appear as

A

normal urine
normal stools
no itching
normal liver tests

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6
Q

hepatic and post hepatic jaundice would present as

A

dark urine
pale stools
may be itchy
abnormal liver tests

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7
Q

Investigations for jaunduce

A

-liver enzymes
- biliary obstruction

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8
Q

what would liver enzyme test show for jaundice

A

very high AST/ ALT

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9
Q

risk factors for gallstones

A

fat female forty fertile

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10
Q

types of gall stones

A

intrahepatic bile duct stones
gall bladder stones
extrahepatic bile duct stones

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11
Q

presentation of gall bladder gall stones

A

biliary pain
cholecysticis
maybe obstructive jaundice
no pancreatitis or choloangitis

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12
Q

presentation of bile duct gall stones

A

biliary pain
no cholecystitis
obstructive jaundice
cholangitits and pancreatitis

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13
Q

management of gallbladder stones

A

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
- Bile acid dissolution therapy (<1/3 success)

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14
Q

management of bile duct stones

A
  • ERCP with sphincterotomy and: removal (basket or balloon) crushing (mechanical, laser..) placement
  • Surgery (large stones)
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15
Q

Causes of ascites

A

chronic liver disease
+/- PORTAL VEIN thrombosis
hepatoma
TB

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16
Q

pathogenesis of ascites

A

increased intrahepatic resistance

17
Q

most common complication of liver disease

A

Ascites

18
Q

hepatocellular jaundice results from…?

A

an inability of the liver to excrete and or conjugate bilirubin as a result of liver tissue damage

19
Q

Cholestatic Jaundice is a result of

A

obstruction in the bile duct

20
Q

describe the normal pathway of bilirubin pathway

A

RBC broken down int haem and globin
Haem further broken into Fe and PTP
PTP is converted to unconjugated b - FAT SOLUBLE
albumin binds to take this to the liver
Glucoronyl transfers converts this to conjugated b
stored in gall bladder via bile duct