Passive Movements

Question 1

What are passive movements

Answer 1

Movements that are produced by an external force during Muscular inactivity or
When range of motion is reduced for any cause

Question 2

Types of passive movements

Answer 2

Relaxed
Forced
Continuous

Question 3

Relaxed passive movements

Answer 3

1. Accurate
2. Smooth
3. Rhythmical
4. Through range of motion in joints
5. Direction is equal to AROM
6. FREE ROM

Question 4

Relaxation

Answer 4

Selection of starting position
Comfortable and supportive

Question 5

Fixation

Answer 5

Proximal and distal joints
Movements must be localized

Question 6

Support

Answer 6

Full and comfortable support is given
Patient is confident and will remain relaxed

Question 7

Traction

Answer 7

Pulling a joint in one direction
Sustained pull on a distal joint

Question 8

ROM

Answer 8

Must be pain free
Avoid muscle spasms

Question 9

Speed and duration

Answer 9

Slow, rhythmic and repetition

Question 10

Physiotherapist stance

Answer 10

In the direction line of movement, common stance is the wall or stride stance

Question 11

How many times should we repeat

Answer 11

About 8 to 10 times
When necessary 30 times

Question 12

Sequence of passive movements

Answer 12

Neurological : proximal to distal
For draining fluid : distal to proximal

Question 13

Passive movements will not

Answer 13

Increase muscle strength, endurance
Prevent muscle atrophy
Assist circulation as active exercise

Question 14

Precautions and contradiction to PROM

Answer 14

1. After acute tears, fractures and surgery
2. Signs of effusion or swelling
3. Inflammation of joints
4. Sharp and acute joint pain
5. Motion disturbs healing process
6. Bony block that limits joint motion
7. Acute infection around joints (arthritis)

Question 15

Physiological movement

Answer 15

Traditional movements performed by the patients voluntary muscle contraction, such as flexion and abduction. Measured with a goniometer

Question 16

Accessory movements

Answer 16

Movements within the normal ROM of the joint but the tissues can’t be actively performed by the patient

Question 17

Accessory movements consist of
Component motion

Answer 17

Motions that accompany active motion but not under voluntary control, eg scapula upward rotation during shoulder flexion

Question 18

Accessory movements consist of
Joint play

Answer 18

Motions that occur between joint surfaces and joint capsule which allows bones to move. The occur passively but not actively by the patient eg. gliding, spinning of joint

Question 19

Indications of passive movements when should we do passive movements

Answer 19

Acute, inflamed tissues where active movement is painful
Paralytic or complete bed redden patient
Muscle re-education

Question 20

Goals for passive movements

Answer 20

Maintain joint and connective tissue mobility
Maintain physiological properties of muscle
Minimize the formation of contracture
Enhance synovial movement and diffusion of materials in the joint
Maintain ROM and prevent formation of adhesions

Question 21

Patients response

Answer 21

Pain is the guide
May cause soreness
Patient should perform ROM techniques
Patients joint and ROM should be assessed before and after treatment

Question 22

If passive movement is not useful, why do we do it?

Answer 22

Maintain ROM
Increase circulation
Increase flexibility and decreases stiffness
Helps to preserve movement patterns
Facilitates relaxation
Improves sense of position and movement
Inhibit pain
Assist with healing process after injury or surgery