Passive Cell Transport

Question 1

Solute

Answer 1

dissolved particles

Example: In the potato experiment, the lab sugar was the solute

Question 2

Solvent

Answer 2

fluid that solute is dissolved into

Question 3

Concentration gradient

Answer 3

difference in solution concentration; the greater the difference, the faster the rate of diffusion

Question 4

Diffusion

Answer 4

Movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration; both solute and solvent move

movement will continue until equilibrium is reached and concentrations are equal (molecules still move when this happens but no change in concentration)

Question 5

Osmosis

Answer 5

Movement of solvent across a semipermeable membrane from high to low solvent concentration; only solvent moves

Movement of water will continue until equilibrium is reached and
solute concentrations are equal

Question 6

Physiological significance to Cell Water Balance processes with examples?

Answer 6

body physiological processes run by diffusion and osmosis

examples of biological solutes include carbon dioxide, oxygen, glucose, electrolytes, etc.

examples of biological solvents include plasma, interstitial fluid

Question 7

Factors that influence the rate of diffusion

Answer 7

Size of the solute (smaller molecules diffuse faster)

Molecular weight of the solute (lighter molecules diffuse faster)

Temperature (in general warmer temperatures lead to faster diffusion)

If solutes are crossing a membrane, size of pores in the membrane will influence rate as will solubility of the particle diffusing

Question 8

Hypertonic/Hyper-osmotic

Answer 8

higher concentration of solutes(when compared to something else)

Example: salt water is hypertonic to the Elodea leaf cells

Question 9

Hypotonic/Hypo-osmotic

Answer 9

lower concentration of solutes(when compared to something else)

Example: Our potato core was incubated in a hypotonic solution

Question 10

Isotonic/Iso-osmotic

Answer 10

equal concentration of solutes(when compared to something else)

Question 11

Plasmolysis

Answer 11

when plants cells lose water after being placed in a solution that has a higher concentration of solutes than the cell does

Question 12

Describe and compare the affect of different water concentrations on Elodea plant cells

Answer 12

Pond water created a yellow-green color with consistent distribution

Salt Water caused the cells to narrow and pull them towards the center of the cells

distilled water swelled/increased the size of the cell

Question 13

What solution with the elodea plant cells had the greatest osmolarity?

Answer 13

The distilled water, because of the cell size difference(high amount of water)

Question 14

What water of the Elodea plant cell caused the cells to be plasmolyzed?

Answer 14

Salt water

Question 15

How did you calculate the percent weight change of the osmolarity in potato cells? What were the variables?

Answer 15

percent weight change = (final weight-initial weight)/initial weight; then multiplied by 100

The independent variable was sugar molarity(manipulated), while the dependent variable was percent weight change(measured)

Question 16

Consider the results of the Osmolarity Potato Cell experiment and why they occured

Answer 16

The sugar molarity increases as percent weight change decreases.

Water intoxication effects cell volume; it causes cells to swell and potentially burst if the cell cannot handle the volume of water

Salt in water causes cells to narrow and contain less water than it needs/began with