Passive & Active Transport

Question 1

brownian motion:

Answer 1

random motion of particles down the concentration gradient from HIGH to LOW concentration until equilibrium

Question 2

passive transport:

Answer 2

movement across the membrane along their concentration gradient, without an input of energy

Question 3

3 types of passive transport:

Answer 3

1. Diffusion
2. Osmosis
3. Facilitated Diffusion

Question 4

diffusion:

Answer 4

the net movement of particles from an high to low concentration

Question 5

osmosis:

Answer 5

the diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane

Question 6

facilitated diffusion:

Answer 6

the use of transport proteins to aid the diffusion of particles across the cell membrane

Question 7

hypertonic:

Answer 7

having a higher concentration of solute

Question 8

hypotonic:

Answer 8

having a lower concentration of solute

Question 9

plasmolysis:

Answer 9

the cell has lost water so the cell membrane shirks away from the wall (followed by increased turgor pressure)

Question 10

active transport:

Answer 10

energy is required to transport molecules against the concentration gradient

Question 11

endocytosis:

Answer 11

a process used by cells to take in substances, in which the membrane folds in, encloses the item in a sphere, then pinches off a vesicle

Question 12

exocytosis:

Answer 12

the process by which cells expel compounds to the surroundings by fusing the membrane of a vesicle

Question 13

phagocytosis:

Answer 13

a type of endocytosis in which cells ¨eat¨ by taking in large particles or other cells

Question 14

pinocytosis:

Answer 14

a type of endocytosis in which cells ¨drink¨ by taking in droplets of fluid

Question 15

isotonic:

Answer 15

is the same concentration as the other solute