PASS S4 - Health related behaviour Flashcards
What are health-related behaviours?
Anything that may promote good health or lead to illness
eg. smoking, drinking, exercise
Name the three types of theories that help understand people’s health-related behaviour
Learning theories
Social cognition models
Integrative model - COM-B
What is classical conditioning?
Learning by association (PAVLOVs DOGS)
Example of classical conditioning in clinical practice
Aversive techniques in alcohol misuse
Alcohol + medication to induce nausea (nausea is a result of the medication but comes to be associated with alcohol)
What is operant conditioning?
People/animals act on the environment and behaviour is shaped by the consequences (SKINNER BOX)
Behaviour reinforced if it is rewarded or punishment is taken away
Behaviour decreases if it is punished or reward is taken away
Limitations of conditioning theories
Classical and operant conditioning based on simple stimulus-response associations
No account of cognitive processes, knowledge etc or social context
What is the social learning theory?
People can learn vicariously (BANDURA and the BOBO DOLL experiments)
Behaviour is goal-directed
People are motivated to perform behaviours that are valued and that they believe they can enact
Influence of family, peers, media (harmful behaviours), celebrities
What is the cognitive dissonance theory?
Discomfort when hold inconsistent beliefs or actions/events don’t match beliefs
Reduce discomfort by changing beliefs/behaviour
What is the Health Belief Model?
Beliefs about health threats + beliefs about health related behaviour + cues to action = action
Beliefs about health threat: perceived susceptibility + perceived severity
Beliefs about health-related behaviour: perceived benefits + perceived barriers
Limitations of health belief model
Assumes rational decision making processes
Doesn’t factor in emotional influences
What is the theory of planned behaviour?
Attitude toward behaviour + subjective norm + perceived control = intention (->?) action
Good predictor of intentions but poor predictor of behaviour
Problem is translating intentions into behaviour
What is an integrative model for targeted intervention?
Specify the behaviour to be changed
Understand the nature of the behaviour and underpinning influences
Choose behaviour change technique matched to diagnosis
Why don’t people behave in ways that promote health?
Lack of capability
Insufficient opportunity
Motivation at key moments to engage in healthy behaviour is lacking
What does the COM-B model stand for?
Capability
Motivation
Opportunity
Behaviour
What does capability mean in terms of the COM-B model?
Physical and psychological capability
eg. knowledge, skill, strength, stamina
