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Phase 2a > Pass Medicine Questions > Flashcards

Pass Medicine Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What does glucagon inhibit?

A

Growth hormone

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2
Q

Name a feature commonly seen with thyrotoxicosis?

A

Atrial fibrillation

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3
Q

Stereotypical history of what:

an overweight 50-year-old man presents with lethargy and excessive thirst. Fundoscopy reveals blot haemorrhages

A

Type 2 Diabetes Meillitus

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4
Q

Stereotypical history of what:

a 40-year-old patient with a history of hypertension presents with episodic palpitations, excessive sweating, headaches and tremor

A

Phaeochromocytoma

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5
Q

TSH low T4 low - diagnosis?

A

Secondary hypothyroidism

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6
Q

Glucocorticoid side effects?

A

Endocrine: impaired glucose regulation, increased appetite/weight gain, hirsutism, hyperlipidaemia

Cushing’s syndrome: moon face, buffalo hump, striae

musculoskeletal: osteoporosis, proximal myopathy, avascular necrosis of the femoral head
immunosuppression: increased susceptibility to severe infection, reactivation of tuberculosis
psychiatric: insomnia, mania, depression, psychosis
gastrointestinal: peptic ulceration, acute pancreatitis

ophthalmic: glaucoma, cataracts
suppression of growth in children

intracranial hypertension

neutrophilia

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7
Q

Mineralocorticoid side effects?

A

Fluid retention

Hypertension

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8
Q

Hyperkalaemia, hyponatraemia, hypercalcaemia, hypoglycaemia in a question is most likely to indicate?

A

Addisons

Too little cortisol

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9
Q

Hypokalemia, hypertension, alkalosis in a question is likely to indicate?

A

Conns

Too much aldosterone

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10
Q

What may cause a goitre?

A

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

Riedels thyroiditis

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11
Q

What may corticosteriods cause?

A

Hyperlipidaemia

Cushings syndrome

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12
Q

What characteristically causes hypercalcaemia?

A

Addisons
Thiazides
Dehydration
Thyrotoxicosis

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13
Q

Stereotypical history of what:

a 35-year-old woman is found to have a blood pressure of 180/110 mmHg. She complains of feeling tired and weak. Routine bloods show hypokalaemia

A

Primary hyperaldosteronism

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14
Q

Stereotypical history of what:

a middle-aged women presents with symptoms of hypothyroidism. There is a diffuse, non-tender goitre on examination. TSH is raised, T4 is low, anti-TPO is positive

A

Hashimotos thyroiditis

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15
Q

Interpretation of this U and E:

TSH low T4 high

A

Thyrotoxicosis

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16
Q

Interpretation of this U and E:

TSH high T4 low

A

Primary hypothyroidism

17
Q

What is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in the developed world?

A

Hashimotos thyroiditis

18
Q

What is the most common cause of thyrotoxicosis in the developed world?

A

Grave’s disease

19
Q

TSH receptor antibodies are found in 90% of patients with what?

A

Graves’

20
Q

What drug may cause osteoporosis?

A

Corticosteroids

21
Q

Describe toxic multinodular goitre?

A

Autonomously functioning thyroid lesions that secrete excess thyroid hormones

22
Q

How do sulfonylureas work?

A

They work by stimulating the pancreas to secrete insulin

23
Q

How do DDP-4 inhibitors (gliptins) work?

A

Works by blocking inactivation of incretin, increasing levels which inhibit glucagon

24
Q

Do SGLT-2 inhibitors typically cause weight gain or weight loss?

A

Weight loss

25
Q

Actions of somatostatin?

A

Inhibits growth hormone secretion

Inhibits insulin and glucagon secretion

Decreases acid and pepsin secretion, decreases gastrin secretion, decreases pancreatic enzyme secretion

Inhibits trophic effects of gastrin

Stimulates gastric mucous production

26
Q

Drugs that can cause intercranial hypertension?

A

corticosteroids
lithium
tetracyclines
isotretinoin

27
Q

Drugs that cancause myositis?

A

statins
nicotinic acid
fenofibrate

28
Q

Do sulfonylureas cause weight loss or weight gain?

A

Weight gain

29
Q

Stereotypical history of what:

A 40-year-old man presents with headaches and coarsening of his facial features. He says his wedding ring and shoes no longer fit him

A

Acromegaly

30
Q

True or false

Glucagon directly inhibits growth hormone secretion?

A

True

31
Q

Stereotypical history of what:

a 35-year-old woman is found to have a blood pressure of 180/110 mmHg. She complains of feeling tired and weak. Routine bloods show hypokalaemia

A

Primary hyperaldosteronism

32
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome is a a feature of what?

A

Hypothyroidism

33
Q

What is spironolactone used for?

A

Hyperaldosteronism

34
Q

What is used to treat acromegaly?

A

pegvisomant

octreotide

35
Q

True or false pioglitazone may cause fluid retention

A

True

Phase 2a (13 decks)

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