Pass Medicine Questions Flashcards
What does glucagon inhibit?
Growth hormone
Name a feature commonly seen with thyrotoxicosis?
Atrial fibrillation
Stereotypical history of what:
an overweight 50-year-old man presents with lethargy and excessive thirst. Fundoscopy reveals blot haemorrhages
Type 2 Diabetes Meillitus
Stereotypical history of what:
a 40-year-old patient with a history of hypertension presents with episodic palpitations, excessive sweating, headaches and tremor
Phaeochromocytoma
TSH low T4 low - diagnosis?
Secondary hypothyroidism
Glucocorticoid side effects?
Endocrine: impaired glucose regulation, increased appetite/weight gain, hirsutism, hyperlipidaemia
Cushing’s syndrome: moon face, buffalo hump, striae
musculoskeletal: osteoporosis, proximal myopathy, avascular necrosis of the femoral head
immunosuppression: increased susceptibility to severe infection, reactivation of tuberculosis
psychiatric: insomnia, mania, depression, psychosis
gastrointestinal: peptic ulceration, acute pancreatitis
ophthalmic: glaucoma, cataracts
suppression of growth in children
intracranial hypertension
neutrophilia
Mineralocorticoid side effects?
Fluid retention
Hypertension
Hyperkalaemia, hyponatraemia, hypercalcaemia, hypoglycaemia in a question is most likely to indicate?
Addisons
Too little cortisol
Hypokalemia, hypertension, alkalosis in a question is likely to indicate?
Conns
Too much aldosterone
What may cause a goitre?
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Riedels thyroiditis
What may corticosteriods cause?
Hyperlipidaemia
Cushings syndrome
What characteristically causes hypercalcaemia?
Addisons
Thiazides
Dehydration
Thyrotoxicosis
Stereotypical history of what:
a 35-year-old woman is found to have a blood pressure of 180/110 mmHg. She complains of feeling tired and weak. Routine bloods show hypokalaemia
Primary hyperaldosteronism
Stereotypical history of what:
a middle-aged women presents with symptoms of hypothyroidism. There is a diffuse, non-tender goitre on examination. TSH is raised, T4 is low, anti-TPO is positive
Hashimotos thyroiditis
Interpretation of this U and E:
TSH low T4 high
Thyrotoxicosis
Interpretation of this U and E:
TSH high T4 low
Primary hypothyroidism
What is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in the developed world?
Hashimotos thyroiditis
What is the most common cause of thyrotoxicosis in the developed world?
Grave’s disease
TSH receptor antibodies are found in 90% of patients with what?
Graves’
What drug may cause osteoporosis?
Corticosteroids
Describe toxic multinodular goitre?
Autonomously functioning thyroid lesions that secrete excess thyroid hormones
How do sulfonylureas work?
They work by stimulating the pancreas to secrete insulin
How do DDP-4 inhibitors (gliptins) work?
Works by blocking inactivation of incretin, increasing levels which inhibit glucagon
Do SGLT-2 inhibitors typically cause weight gain or weight loss?
Weight loss
Actions of somatostatin?
Inhibits growth hormone secretion
Inhibits insulin and glucagon secretion
Decreases acid and pepsin secretion, decreases gastrin secretion, decreases pancreatic enzyme secretion
Inhibits trophic effects of gastrin
Stimulates gastric mucous production
Drugs that can cause intercranial hypertension?
corticosteroids
lithium
tetracyclines
isotretinoin
Drugs that cancause myositis?
statins
nicotinic acid
fenofibrate
Do sulfonylureas cause weight loss or weight gain?
Weight gain
Stereotypical history of what:
A 40-year-old man presents with headaches and coarsening of his facial features. He says his wedding ring and shoes no longer fit him
Acromegaly
True or false
Glucagon directly inhibits growth hormone secretion?
True
Stereotypical history of what:
a 35-year-old woman is found to have a blood pressure of 180/110 mmHg. She complains of feeling tired and weak. Routine bloods show hypokalaemia
Primary hyperaldosteronism
Carpal tunnel syndrome is a a feature of what?
Hypothyroidism
What is spironolactone used for?
Hyperaldosteronism
What is used to treat acromegaly?
pegvisomant
octreotide
True or false pioglitazone may cause fluid retention
True
