Drug Formulary Flashcards
THIONIDES
Example: Carbimazole
Main clinical indications:
Main adverse side effects:
Mechanism:
Example: Carbimazole
Main clinical indications: Hyperthyroidism
Main adverse side effects: CI in severe blood disorders
Mechanism: Inhibits TPO
SYNTHETIC THYROID HORMONE
Example:
Main clinical indications:
Mechanism:
Example: Levothyroxine
Main clinical indications: Hypothyroidism
Mechanism: Synthetic T4
SOMATOSTATIN ANALOGUE
Example: Sandostatin
Main clinical indications:
Mechanism:
Example: Sandostatin
Main clinical indications: Acromegaly
Mechanism: Synthetic somatostatin
GH RECEPTOR ANALOGUE
Example:
Main clinical indications:
Mechanism:
Example: Pegvisomant
Main clinical indications: Acromegaly
Mechanism: GH receptor antagonist
POTASSIUM SPARING DIURETICS
Example:
Main clinical indications:
Mechanism:
Example: Spironolactone
Main clinical indications: Conn’s syndrome
Mechanism: Aldosterone antagonist
BISPHOSPHONATES
Example: Aldendronate
Main clinical indications:
Mechanism:
Example: Aldendronate
Main clinical indications: Hyperparathyroidism
Mechanism: Prevents calcium from leaving the bones
VITAMIN D3 ANALOGE
Example:
Main clinical indications:
Main adverse side effects:
Mechanism:
Example: Calcitriol
Main clinical indications: Hypoparathyroidism
Main adverse side effects: Abdominal pain, UTI
Mechanism: Binds to vit D receptor alloing increased availability of calcium binding protein
BIGUANIDES
Example: Metformin
Main clinical indications:
Main adverse side effects:
Mechanism:
Example: Metformin
Main clinical indications: T2DM
Main adverse side effects: Weight loss
Mechanism: Reducced gluconeogenesis
DPP4 INHIBITORS
Example:
Main clinical indications:
Main adverse side effects:
Mechanism:
Example: Sitagliptin
Main clinical indications: T2DM
Main adverse side effects: No weight change
Mechanism: Inhibits DPP4 increasing the effects of incretins GLP1 and GIP stimulating insulin secretion
SULPHONYLUREAS
Example:
Main clinical indications:
Main adverse side effects:
Mechanism:
Example: Gliclazide
Main clinical indications: T2DM
Main adverse side effects: Weight gain
Mechanism: Stimulates B cells to secrete insulin
GLITAZONES
Example:
Main clinical indications:
Main adverse side effects:
Mechanism:
Example: Pioglitazone
Main clinical indications: T2DM
Main adverse side effects: Weight gain, fluid retention
Mechanism: Enhances uptake of glucose and fatty acids
THIAZIDES (endo)
Example:
Main clinical indications:
Mechanism:
Example: Bendroflumethiazide
Main clinical indications: Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (paradoxical effect)
Mechanism: Inhibits sodium reabsorption at the beginning of the DCT
VASOPRESSIN ANALOGUE
Example:
Main clinical indications:
Mechanism:
Example: Desmopressin
Main clinical indications: Cranial diabetes insipidus
Mechanism:Increases the insertion of aquaporin 2 channels in the collecting duct
VASOPRESSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS
Example: Tolvaptan
Main clinical indications:
Mechanism:
Example: Tolvaptan
Main clinical indications: SIADH
Mechanism: Inhibit the insertion of aquaporin 2 channels in the collecting duct
ACE INHIBITORS
Example:
Main clinical indications:
Main adverse side effects:
Mechanism:
Example: ramipril, enalapril, perindopril
Main clinical indications: Hypertension, heart failure, diabetic nephropathy
Main adverse side effects:
1. Related to ANGII formation: hypotension, acute renal failure, hyperkalaemia, tetratogenic
- Related to kinin production: cough, rash, angio-oedema
Mechanism: Reduced angiotensin II produced by inhibition of ACE enzyme reducing RAAS
ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR BLOCKERS (ARBs)
Example:
Main clinical indications:
Main adverse side effects:
Mechanism:
Example: Candesartan, losartan
Main clinical indications: Hypertension, heart failure, diabetic nephropathy
Main adverse side effects: Symptomatic hypotension, hyperkalaemia, potential for renal dysfunction, rash, angio-oedema CI IN PREGNANCY
Mechanism: Block the action of ANGII by binding to ANGII receptors in muscles and blood vessels
CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS 1
Example: dihydropyridines
Main clinical indications:
Main adverse side effects:
Mechanism:
Example: dihydropyridines - amlodipine, felodipine
Main clinical indications: hypertension, IHD, arrhythmias
Main adverse side effects: Due to peripheral arterial vasodilation: flushing, headache, oedema, palpitations
Mechanism: Selective for peripheral arterial dilators
CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS 2
Example: phenylalkylamines
Main clinical indications:
Main adverse side effects:
Mechanism:
Example: phenylalkylamines - verapamil
Main clinical indications: hypertension, IHD, arrhythmias
Main adverse side effects: bradycardia, AV block, worsening cardiac failure
Mechanism: negatively chronotropic, negativity inotropic
BETA BLOCLERS
Example:
Main clinical indications:
Main adverse side effects:
Mechanism:
Example: Bisoprolol, atenolol, metoprolol
Main clinical indications: IHD, heart failure, arrhythmia, hypertension
Main adverse side effects: Worsening of asthma/COPD, fatigue, nightmares, bradycardia, cold peripheries, ED
Mechanism:
B1 selective = metoprolol, bisoprolol
In the middle = atenolol
B1/B2 non selective = propanolol
THIAZIDES (cardio)
Example:
Main clinical indications:
Main adverse side effects:
Mechanism:
Example: Bendroflumethiazide
Main clinical indications: hypertension, heart failure
Main adverse side effects: erectile dyfunction
Mechanism: Distal tubule
LOOP DIURETICS
Example:
Main clinical indications:
Main adverse side effects:
Mechanism:
Example: furosemide
Main clinical indications: hypertension, heart failure
Main adverse side effects: hypovolamia, hypotension
Mechanism: ascending limb of loop of henle
ALPHA BLOCKERS
Example:
Main clinical indications:
Example: Doxazosin
Main clinical indications: hypertension
DIRECT RENIN INHBITORS
Example:
Main clinical indications:
Example: Aliskiren
Main clinical indications: Hypertension
STATINS
Example:
Main clinical indications:
Main adverse side effects:
Mechanism:
Example: Atorvastatin
Main clinical indications: Cholesterol reduction - angina, CHD, MI, stroke
Main adverse side effects: diarrhoea, nausea, headache
Mechanism: Statins competitively inhibit 3-hydroxy-3-methyglutaryl-CoA (MHG-CoA) reductase - an enzyme in cholesterol synthesis
P2Y12 INHIBITORS
Example:
Main clinical indications:
Main adverse side effects:
Mechanism:
Example: Clopidogrel
Main clinical indications: Prophylaxsis of thrombosis
Main adverse side effects: diarrhoea, GI discomfort, haemorhage, rash
Mechanism: Antagonist of platelet P2Y12 receptor
NSAIDS
Example:
Main clinical indications:
Main adverse side effects:
Mechanism:
Example: Aspirin
Main clinical indications: Arterial thrombosis, MI
Main adverse side effects: Dyspepsia, haemorrhage
Mechanism: Inhibits cyclo-oxygenase irreversibly
VITAMIN K ANTAGONISTS
Example:
Main clinical indications:
Main adverse side effects:
Mechanism:
Example: Warfarin
Main clinical indications: Prophylaxis of thrombosis
Main adverse side effects: haemorrhage
Mechanism: Antagonist of vitamin K, preventing synthesis of active factors II, VII, IX and X (1(0)972)
GLYCOSAMINOGLYCAN
Example:
Main clinical indications:
Main adverse side effects:
Mechanism:
Example: Heparin
Main clinical indications: thrombolysis, prophylaxis
Main adverse side effects: haemorrhage, skin reactions
Mechanism: Binds to antithrombin and increases its activity
Indirect thrombin inhibitor
