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Phase 2a > Drug Formulary > Flashcards

Drug Formulary Flashcards

1
Q

THIONIDES

Example: Carbimazole

Main clinical indications:

Main adverse side effects:

Mechanism:

A

Example: Carbimazole

Main clinical indications: Hyperthyroidism

Main adverse side effects: CI in severe blood disorders

Mechanism: Inhibits TPO

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2
Q

SYNTHETIC THYROID HORMONE

Example:

Main clinical indications:

Mechanism:

A

Example: Levothyroxine

Main clinical indications: Hypothyroidism

Mechanism: Synthetic T4

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3
Q

SOMATOSTATIN ANALOGUE

Example: Sandostatin

Main clinical indications:

Mechanism:

A

Example: Sandostatin

Main clinical indications: Acromegaly

Mechanism: Synthetic somatostatin

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4
Q

GH RECEPTOR ANALOGUE

Example:

Main clinical indications:

Mechanism:

A

Example: Pegvisomant

Main clinical indications: Acromegaly

Mechanism: GH receptor antagonist

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5
Q

POTASSIUM SPARING DIURETICS

Example:

Main clinical indications:

Mechanism:

A

Example: Spironolactone

Main clinical indications: Conn’s syndrome

Mechanism: Aldosterone antagonist

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6
Q

BISPHOSPHONATES

Example: Aldendronate

Main clinical indications:

Mechanism:

A

Example: Aldendronate

Main clinical indications: Hyperparathyroidism

Mechanism: Prevents calcium from leaving the bones

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7
Q

VITAMIN D3 ANALOGE

Example:

Main clinical indications:

Main adverse side effects:

Mechanism:

A

Example: Calcitriol

Main clinical indications: Hypoparathyroidism

Main adverse side effects: Abdominal pain, UTI

Mechanism: Binds to vit D receptor alloing increased availability of calcium binding protein

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8
Q

BIGUANIDES

Example: Metformin

Main clinical indications:

Main adverse side effects:

Mechanism:

A

Example: Metformin

Main clinical indications: T2DM

Main adverse side effects: Weight loss

Mechanism: Reducced gluconeogenesis

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9
Q

DPP4 INHIBITORS

Example:

Main clinical indications:

Main adverse side effects:

Mechanism:

A

Example: Sitagliptin

Main clinical indications: T2DM

Main adverse side effects: No weight change

Mechanism: Inhibits DPP4 increasing the effects of incretins GLP1 and GIP stimulating insulin secretion

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10
Q

SULPHONYLUREAS

Example:

Main clinical indications:

Main adverse side effects:

Mechanism:

A

Example: Gliclazide

Main clinical indications: T2DM

Main adverse side effects: Weight gain

Mechanism: Stimulates B cells to secrete insulin

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11
Q

GLITAZONES

Example:

Main clinical indications:

Main adverse side effects:

Mechanism:

A

Example: Pioglitazone

Main clinical indications: T2DM

Main adverse side effects: Weight gain, fluid retention

Mechanism: Enhances uptake of glucose and fatty acids

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12
Q

THIAZIDES (endo)

Example:

Main clinical indications:

Mechanism:

A

Example: Bendroflumethiazide

Main clinical indications: Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (paradoxical effect)

Mechanism: Inhibits sodium reabsorption at the beginning of the DCT

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13
Q

VASOPRESSIN ANALOGUE

Example:

Main clinical indications:

Mechanism:

A

Example: Desmopressin

Main clinical indications: Cranial diabetes insipidus

Mechanism:Increases the insertion of aquaporin 2 channels in the collecting duct

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14
Q

VASOPRESSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS

Example: Tolvaptan

Main clinical indications:

Mechanism:

A

Example: Tolvaptan

Main clinical indications: SIADH

Mechanism: Inhibit the insertion of aquaporin 2 channels in the collecting duct

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15
Q

ACE INHIBITORS

Example:

Main clinical indications:

Main adverse side effects:

Mechanism:

A

Example: ramipril, enalapril, perindopril

Main clinical indications: Hypertension, heart failure, diabetic nephropathy

Main adverse side effects:
1. Related to ANGII formation: hypotension, acute renal failure, hyperkalaemia, tetratogenic

  1. Related to kinin production: cough, rash, angio-oedema

Mechanism: Reduced angiotensin II produced by inhibition of ACE enzyme reducing RAAS

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16
Q

ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR BLOCKERS (ARBs)

Example:

Main clinical indications:

Main adverse side effects:

Mechanism:

A

Example: Candesartan, losartan

Main clinical indications: Hypertension, heart failure, diabetic nephropathy

Main adverse side effects: Symptomatic hypotension, hyperkalaemia, potential for renal dysfunction, rash, angio-oedema CI IN PREGNANCY

Mechanism: Block the action of ANGII by binding to ANGII receptors in muscles and blood vessels

17
Q

CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS 1

Example: dihydropyridines

Main clinical indications:

Main adverse side effects:

Mechanism:

A

Example: dihydropyridines - amlodipine, felodipine

Main clinical indications: hypertension, IHD, arrhythmias

Main adverse side effects: Due to peripheral arterial vasodilation: flushing, headache, oedema, palpitations

Mechanism: Selective for peripheral arterial dilators

18
Q

CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS 2

Example: phenylalkylamines

Main clinical indications:

Main adverse side effects:

Mechanism:

A

Example: phenylalkylamines - verapamil

Main clinical indications: hypertension, IHD, arrhythmias

Main adverse side effects: bradycardia, AV block, worsening cardiac failure

Mechanism: negatively chronotropic, negativity inotropic

19
Q

BETA BLOCLERS

Example:

Main clinical indications:

Main adverse side effects:

Mechanism:

A

Example: Bisoprolol, atenolol, metoprolol

Main clinical indications: IHD, heart failure, arrhythmia, hypertension

Main adverse side effects: Worsening of asthma/COPD, fatigue, nightmares, bradycardia, cold peripheries, ED

Mechanism:
B1 selective = metoprolol, bisoprolol
In the middle = atenolol
B1/B2 non selective = propanolol

20
Q

THIAZIDES (cardio)

Example:

Main clinical indications:

Main adverse side effects:

Mechanism:

A

Example: Bendroflumethiazide

Main clinical indications: hypertension, heart failure

Main adverse side effects: erectile dyfunction

Mechanism: Distal tubule

21
Q

LOOP DIURETICS

Example:

Main clinical indications:

Main adverse side effects:

Mechanism:

A

Example: furosemide

Main clinical indications: hypertension, heart failure

Main adverse side effects: hypovolamia, hypotension

Mechanism: ascending limb of loop of henle

22
Q

ALPHA BLOCKERS

Example:

Main clinical indications:

A

Example: Doxazosin

Main clinical indications: hypertension

23
Q

DIRECT RENIN INHBITORS

Example:

Main clinical indications:

A

Example: Aliskiren

Main clinical indications: Hypertension

24
Q

STATINS

Example:

Main clinical indications:

Main adverse side effects:

Mechanism:

A

Example: Atorvastatin

Main clinical indications: Cholesterol reduction - angina, CHD, MI, stroke

Main adverse side effects: diarrhoea, nausea, headache

Mechanism: Statins competitively inhibit 3-hydroxy-3-methyglutaryl-CoA (MHG-CoA) reductase - an enzyme in cholesterol synthesis

25
Q

P2Y12 INHIBITORS

Example:

Main clinical indications:

Main adverse side effects:

Mechanism:

A

Example: Clopidogrel

Main clinical indications: Prophylaxsis of thrombosis

Main adverse side effects: diarrhoea, GI discomfort, haemorhage, rash

Mechanism: Antagonist of platelet P2Y12 receptor

26
Q

NSAIDS

Example:

Main clinical indications:

Main adverse side effects:

Mechanism:

A

Example: Aspirin

Main clinical indications: Arterial thrombosis, MI

Main adverse side effects: Dyspepsia, haemorrhage

Mechanism: Inhibits cyclo-oxygenase irreversibly

27
Q

VITAMIN K ANTAGONISTS

Example:

Main clinical indications:

Main adverse side effects:

Mechanism:

A

Example: Warfarin

Main clinical indications: Prophylaxis of thrombosis

Main adverse side effects: haemorrhage

Mechanism: Antagonist of vitamin K, preventing synthesis of active factors II, VII, IX and X (1(0)972)

28
Q

GLYCOSAMINOGLYCAN

Example:

Main clinical indications:

Main adverse side effects:

Mechanism:

A

Example: Heparin

Main clinical indications: thrombolysis, prophylaxis

Main adverse side effects: haemorrhage, skin reactions

Mechanism: Binds to antithrombin and increases its activity

Indirect thrombin inhibitor

Phase 2a (13 decks)

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