Parvoviridae

Question 1

Enveloped or Nonenveloped?

Answer 1

Nonenveloped

Question 2

Virion capsid has ____ protein subunits with a T number of ___

Answer 2

60, 1

Question 3

DNA of parvoviridae

Answer 3

single stranded, linear

Question 4

Disinfection is difficult because

Answer 4

resists 60C for 60 min and PH 3-9

Question 5

Replication occurs

Answer 5

in the nucleus

Question 6

infection leads to

Answer 6

large intranuclear inclusion bodies

Question 7

Subfamily that infects insects

Answer 7

Densovirinae

Question 8

Subfamily that infects vertebrates

Answer 8

Parvovirinae

Question 9

Genera of parvovirnae

Answer 9

Parvovirus
Erythovirus 
Bocavirus
Dependovirus
Amdovirus

Question 10

Parvovirus replication

Answer 10

Only in cells that pass through the mitotic S phase

actively dividing cells

Question 11

Erythrovirus

Answer 11

“fifth disease, slap cheek rash”
replicate autonomously
Humans (parvovirus B19)- rash, anemia, arthritis

Question 12

Dependovirus

Answer 12

do not cause disease
unable to replicate without helper viruses (usually adenovirus)
goose and duck parvovirus
sometimes bovine parvovirus 2

Question 13

Bocavirus

Answer 13

Contain a 3rd Open Reading Frame
infect GI and respiratory
Humans, dogs, cattle

Question 14

Feline parvovirus (panleukopenia) general

Answer 14

Feline distemper
Feline infectious enteritis
Highly contagious, often fatal

Question 15

FPV epidemiology

Answer 15

Ubiquitous in environment
unvaccinated kittens are protected until 3 mon.
can be subclinical
shed in urine and feces for 6 weeks after recovery

Question 16

FPV transmission

Answer 16

Infected oro-nasally
In-utero transmission
mechanical transmission by flies

Question 17

FPV pathogenesis

Answer 17

enter oropharynx, replicate in pharyngeal lymphoid tissue
viremia
other organs from blood

Question 18

Hallmark of FPV

Answer 18

severe leukopenia
affects WBC in circulation and lymphoid organs (become destroyed)
thrombocytopenia due to bone marrow damage

Question 19

FPV damage to GI

Answer 19

crypts cells not absorptive cells

blunt villi, diarrhea

Question 20

In Utero FPV

Answer 20

death, abortion, mummified fetuses

near end of gestation- live kittens with neural tissue damage, variable effects

Question 21

FPV CNS

Answer 21

optic nerve and retina damage

cerebellar hypoplasia if cats are infected 2 weeks before or after birth

Question 22

FPV DIC

Answer 22

Kittens get secondary bacT infection –> gram negative LPS is released –> causes coagulation factors to go into overdrive —> DIC –> hemorrhage

Question 23

FPV clinical signs

Answer 23

diarrhea
lymphopenia
neutropenia
anemia
abortion 
cerebellar ataxia
depression
rough coat
vomiting
sever dehydration

Question 24

Incubation of FPV

Answer 24

2-10 days

Question 25

FPV is most common in

Answer 25

kittens 3-5 months

Question 26

FPV diagnosis

Answer 26

leukopenia and neutropenia is more consistent than lymphopenia

Question 27

Vaccine for FPV

Answer 27

Attenuated live vaccines (MLV) | do not give to pregnant, immunosuppressed, or kittens less than 4 weeks old

Question 28

Canine Parvovirus (CPV)

Answer 28

Type 1= not important | Type 2 = very common with a, b, and c antigenic variants

Question 29

Distribution of CPV-2

Answer 29

North America= CPV2b and CPV2c

Question 30

CPV2 epidemiology

Answer 30

highly contagious stable in environment resistant to disinfectants can be indoors for 2 months

Question 31

CPV2 transmission

Answer 31

oro-nasal exposure to contaminated feces In- utero contact with contaminated fomites

Question 32

CPV2 pathogenesis

Answer 32

``` enteritis myocarditis panleukopenia CNS cutaneous disease ```

Question 33

Age related symptoms of CPV2

Answer 33

2-12 days : general neonatal, uncommon 3-8 weeks: myocarditis 2-4 months: enteritis and panleukopenia, most common

Question 34

CPV2 myocarditis

Answer 34

necrosis with acute cardiopulmonary failure | sudden death

Question 35

Diagnosis of CPV2

Answer 35

snap test | everything except serology because the dog might already be vaccinated

Question 36

Vaccine schedule CPV2

Answer 36

6-8 weeks, 10-12 weeks, 14-16 weeks, booster at 1 yr, then every 3 years

Question 37

Vaccines for CPV2

Answer 37

pregnant dogs or colostrum derived puppies- inactivated | all others- modified live

Question 38

Porcine Parvovirus (PPV)

Answer 38

causes reproductive failure | SMEDI (stillbirth, mummification, embryonic death, infertility)

Question 39

Transmission of PPV

Answer 39

oronasal in the non-immune pregnant sow transplacental transmission venereal from boar semen

Question 40

PPV Pathogenesis

Answer 40

takes 15 days to reach fetuses each fetus has its own placenta, so death at different stages is seen extensive endothelial cell damage

Question 41

PPV Clinical signs

Answer 41

mummified fetuses rather than abortion before 30 days - fetus reabsorbed 30-70 days - fetus becomes mummified after 70 days- lesions but survive

Question 42

Diagnosis of PPV

Answer 42

FA staining for frozen fetal tissue PCR ELISA Not serology

Question 43

PPV is non/persistent and does/does not have periodic shedding

Answer 43

persistent with periodic shedding

Question 44

Vaccination schedule

Answer 44

vaccinate 2x, 2 weeks apart, several weeks before breeding