Adenoviridae

Question 1

Adenoviridae morphology

Answer 1

non enveloped
hexagonal
icosahedral symmetry
capsid shell with 720 hexon subunits arranged as 240 trimers
12 vertex penton capsomers each with a fiber protrude from surface of capsid

Question 2

Adenoviridae genome

Answer 2

non segmented
linear
double stranded DNA

Question 3

Adenoviridae replication

Answer 3

takes place in the nucleus
released by cell lysis
intranuclear inclusion bodies are formed with virions inside

Question 4

Adenoviridae general properties

Answer 4

agglutinate RBCS 
oncogenic 
stable in environment
inactivated by many common disinfectants 
most have narrow host ranges

Question 5

Adenoviridae pathogenesis

Answer 5

acute respiratory or gastroenteric disease (mostly subclinical)

Question 6

Penton and fiber proteins are

Answer 6

part of the capsid and toxic to cells

Question 7

Immunosuppression with Adenoviruses

Answer 7

inhibition of class I MHC antigen transport by E3/19K
TNF induced apoptosis is blocked by E3/14.7K
blocks interferon induced protein kinase R-mediated inhibition
modulates antiviral inflammation by inhibition nuclear factor kappaB

Question 8

Adenovirus pathogenesis

Answer 8

latent in lymphoid tissue
reactivated with immunocompromisation
highly pathogenic in these animals
can also be oncogenic : E1A inactivates the Rb protein, E1B inactivated p53 protein

Question 9

Genera of Adenoviridae

Answer 9

Mastadenovirus (mammalian with single penton fiber)

Aviadenovirus (birds- each penton fiber is bifurcated)

Question 10

Infectious Canine Hepatitis

Answer 10

ICH
Rubarth’s disease
Canine adenovirus 1 (CAV 1)

Question 11

CAV 1 / ICH

Answer 11

infects canids and bears
found in all secretions and excretions
shed in urine for 6-9 months
oronasal transmission

Question 12

CAV 1 replication

Answer 12

macrophages
kupffer cells 
hepatocytes
vascular endothelium 
parenchymal cells

Question 13

CAV1 target organs

Answer 13

liver
spleen
kidneys
lungs

Question 14

CAV 1 cytotoxic effects

Answer 14

cellular injury to liver, kidney, and eye

Question 15

Dogs with sufficient antibody titers show _____ clinical evidence of disease with CAV1

Answer 15

little

Question 16

In acute cases of CAV 1

Answer 16

antibody response by day 7 should clear the virus from the blood and liver

Question 17

low antibody titer with CAV 1

Answer 17

leads to widespread centrilobular to panlobular hepatic necrosis

Question 18

partial immunity during a CAV 1 infection may lead to

Answer 18

chronic active hepatitis and hepatic fibrosis

Question 19

Corneal edema in CAV 1

Answer 19

20% of infections
less than 1% of dogs after vaccine
seen in recovery or chronic cases

Question 20

Pathogenesis of ocular lesions in CAV 1

Answer 20

1. enters the eye via the uveal tract
2. localizes in the endothelium of the choroid and causes mild uveitis
3. 4-6 days post infection the virus enters the aqueous humor and replicates
4. formation of viral antibody immune complex
5. complement activation and neutrophil chemotaxis
6. damage to endothelium and accumulation of edematous fluid
7. days 8-21 macrophages remove immune complexes and the cornea clears

Question 21

CAV 1 secondary bacterial pyelonephritis

Answer 21

most common in dogs under 1 yr
unvaccinated dogs are susceptible
mostly asymptomatic but can range from slight fever to death

Question 22

CAV 1/ ICH per acute cases

Answer 22

become moribund and die within a few hours of onset of clinical signs

Question 23

CAV 1/ ICH acute cases

Answer 23

fever, vomiting, abdominal pain, hyperemia, jaundice, subcutaneous edema
corneal edema during recovery
encephalitis in foxes

Question 24

CAV 1/ ICH necropsy

Answer 24

paint brush hemorrhage
necrosis in liver
white foci in kidney cortex

Question 25

CAV 1 Virus isolation

Answer 25

Urine primarily

Question 26

CAV 1 antigen detection

Answer 26

FAT

Question 27

CAV 1 Treatment

Answer 27

supportive in order to limit secondary infection

Question 28

CAV 1 immunity

Answer 28

recovered animals are immune

maternal antibodies can interfere with active immunization

Question 29

CAV 1 attenuated live vaccine

Answer 29

can produce transient opacities of the cornea

discontinued in many countries

Question 30

CAV 2 attenuated live virus

Answer 30

provide cross protection

Question 31

CAV vaccination schedule

Answer 31

between 6-12 weeks

again at 14- 16 weeks of age

Question 32

Canine Infctious Tracheobronchitis

Answer 32

Kennel Cough

ITB

Question 33

Kennel cough is

Answer 33

self limiting

Question 34

Etiology of Kennel cough

Answer 34

usually CAV 2 and Bordetella bronchiseptica

Question 35

Uncomplicated ITB

Answer 35

harsh, dry coughing, etching, gagging
honking sound
rhinitis, nasal discharge

Question 36

Complicated ITB

Answer 36

severe pneumonia or bronchopneumonia

life threatening

Question 37

ITB treatment

Answer 37

antitussives and bronchodilators

Question 38

Equine Adenovirus (EAV 1 and 2)

Answer 38

asymptomatic or mild respiratory tract disease

Question 39

EAV 1 in foals

Answer 39

associated with SCIDs

die within 3 months of age

Question 40

SCID in foals

Answer 40

mutation in allele encoding for DNA dependent protein kinase needed for lymphocyte recombination

Question 41

SCID clinical signs

Answer 41

severe bronchiolitis and pneumonia

generalized EAV infections as virus destroys the pancreas, GI tract, kidneys and bladder

Question 42

Avian adenovirus

Answer 42

chickens= egg drop syndrome
ducks= hepatitis 
quail= bronchitis 
turkeys= hemorrhagic enteritis and egg drop syndrome 
pheasants= marble spleen disease