Party colonisation of the state

Question 1

Parties ideally solve what two problems?

Answer 1

collective = more effective in cooperating + pooling resources, more recognisable under a common label (organisational structure)

social choice = joint preference ranking (program) simplify issue positions (interest aggregation)

Question 2

2 clientist exchanges

Answer 2

1. resource rich but vote poor = provide financial resources
2. resource poor but vote high = provide support

Question 3

Definition of party patronage? (Kopecky et al 2022)

Answer 3

‘The power of a party to appoint people to positions in public and semi-public life’

Question 4

Kopecky et al 2022

Answer 4

cross-country expert interviews - examining extent of patronage across countries + sectors + motivations

Motivations of control (influence) and reward (loyal service)

Question 5

Enner-Jedenastik 2014

Answer 5

analyses appointments made to 92 Austrian owned enterprises 1995-2010 (2,000) - patronage appointments vary with partisan composition of government