Parts of Volcanoes

Question 1

• a reservoir beneath the Earth’s surface where molten rock or magma accumulates.
• the source of the volcano’s eruptive material.

Answer 1

Magma Chamber

Question 2

• the central conduit through which magma rises from the magma chamber to the surface during an eruption.
• the primary pathway to the release of volcanic material.

Answer 2

Main Vent

Question 3

• the depression or bowl-shaped cavity at the top of the volcano.
• the site of the most recent eruptions and may contain a secondary vent.

Answer 3

Crater

Question 4

• additional openings through which magma can erupt.
• found on the volcano’s flanks or within the crater.

Answer 4

Secondary Vent

Question 5

• streams of molten rock (lava) that travel down the volcano’s slopes during an eruption.

Answer 5

Lava Flow

Question 6

What is formed when lava cools and solidifies?

Answer 6

Volcanic Rock

Question 7

• produced by explosive eruptions which consist of small volcanic particles, ash, and rock fragments.
• can be carried by the wind and pose various hazards.

Answer 7

Ash and Tephra Clouds

Question 8

• highly destructive, fast-moving mixture of hot gases, ash, and volcanic rock fragments that can rush down the volcano’s slopes at high speeds during an explosive eruption.

Answer 8

Pyroclastic Flow

Question 9

• larger volcanic rock fragments that are ejected curing eruptions.
• often aerodynamic in shape.
• can travel considerable distances before landing.

Answer 9

Volcanic Bombs and Lapilli

Question 10

• as lava flows cool and harden, they create a crust on the surface of the volcano.
• can form lava tubes.

Answer 10

Volcanic Crust

Question 11

• sides of the volcano.
• slop and angle can vary depending on the type of volcano.

Answer 11

Flank

Question 12

• lowest part of the volcanos slopes where it meets the surrounding terrain.

Answer 12

Base or Foot

Question 13

• tunnels formed by the flow of lava within hardened lava crust.
• serve as conduits for lava to travel over long distances.

Answer 13

Lava Tubes

Question 14

• openings in the Earth’s surface from which steam, gas, and volcanic vapors are emitted.
• often associated with volcanic activity and can be found near the summit or on the flanks of a volcano.

Answer 14

Fumaroles