parts of the cell and microscopy

Question 1

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 1

have a nucleus eg. plant cells and animal cells

Question 2

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 2

have no nucleus eg. bacterial cells

Question 3

Animal cells

Answer 3

• nucleus. -cell membrane. -ribosomes. -mitochondria. -cytoplasm.

Question 4

Plant cells

Answer 4

-nucleus. -cell membrane. -cell wall. -vacuole. -ribosomes. -cytoplasm. -chloroplasts. -mitochondria.

Question 5

Bacterial cells

Answer 5

-cytoplasm. -cell wall. -cell membrane. -bacterial DNA loop. -plasmid DNA rings.

Question 6

Function of: Nucleus

Answer 6

contains DNA. controls the cell.

Question 7

Function of: Cytoplasm

Answer 7

chemical reactions take place, controlled by enzymes.

Question 8

Function of: Cell membrane

Answer 8

controls what enters and leaves the cell.

Question 9

Function of: Mitochondria

Answer 9

Aerobic respiration rakes place. provides energy.

Question 10

Function of: Ribosomes

Answer 10

protein synthesis occurs.

Question 11

Function of: Cell wall

Answer 11

protects and strengthens the cell.

Question 12

Function: chloroplasts

Answer 12

contains chlorophyll which absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis to take place.

Question 13

Function of: vacuole

Answer 13

contains waste products.

Question 14

Sperm cell

Answer 14

fertilises the egg. long tail to swim quickly, lots of mitochondria to produce energy for movement.

Question 15

Nerve cell

Answer 15

carries electrical signals. long to carry signals long distances, branched connections to connect to other nerve cells around the body.

Question 16

Muscle cell

Answer 16

contracts to allow movement. contains lots of mitochondria to produce energy for movement, long so there is more space to contract,

Question 17

Root hair cell

Answer 17

absorbs water and minerals from the soil. hair to make more surface area.

Question 18

Xylem

Answer 18

carry water and minerals in plants. made of dead cells, water and minerals flow from the roots to the leaves in one way.

Question 19

Phloem

Answer 19

carries the glucose around the plant. made pf living cells.

Question 20

What does cell differentiation mean?

Answer 20

When a cell changes to become specialised.

Question 21

In mature animals when do cells still need to differentiate?

Answer 21

For repair and replacement of cells.

Question 22

Electron microscopes have a higher …..

Answer 22

resolution and magnification.

Question 23

magnification =

Answer 23

size of image / real size of object.

Question 24

What are the advantages of the electron microscope?

Answer 24

have a higher magnification and resolution than light microscopes; scientists can see more sub-cellular structures.