bioenergetics

Question 1

photosynthesis =

Answer 1

the process by which green plants and certain other organisms transform light energy into chemical energy.

Question 2

Write down the word equation for photosynthesis.

Answer 2

Carbon dioxide + Water —-(light)—–> Oxygen + Glucose

Question 3

write down the symbol equation for photosynthesis.

Answer 3

6CO2 + 6H2O —–(light)—-> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 4

Photosynthesis is affected by limiting factors.
What is meant by the term ‘limiting factor’?

Answer 4

A factor which is not at an optimum level to enable maximum rate of photosynthesis e.g. temperature

Question 5

Name the green pigment present in plant cells.

Answer 5

Chlorophyll.

Question 6

What is the role of this green pigment?

Answer 6

To transfer energy from the environment and use it to
synthesise glucose from carbon dioxide and water.

Question 7

List three ways glucose produced by photosynthesis is used in plants?

Answer 7

Used for respiration; used to produce fats or oils for storage; used to produce amino acids for protein synthesis; converted into insoluble starch for storage; used to produce cellulose to strengthen cell walls

Question 8

Respiration is an ____________ ________ which means energy is transferred to the environment.

Answer 8

exothermic reaction

Question 9

The word equation which represents aerobic respiration is

Answer 9

glucose + oxygen ——–> carbon dioxide + water

Question 10

The balanced symbol equation which represents aerobic respiration is

Answer 10

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ——-> 6CO2 + 6H2O

Question 11

Aerobic respiration occurs inside __________ continuously

Answer 11

mitochondria

Question 12

Aerobic respiration releases a ________ amount of energy from each glucose molecule

Answer 12

large

Question 13

aerobic respiration requires ….

Answer 13

oxygen

Question 14

anaerobic respiration ….

Answer 14

does not require oxygen

Question 15

anaerobic respiration equation:

Answer 15

glucose —–> lactic acid

Question 16

Glucose is not completely broken down to carbon dioxide and water, so less energy is transferred. An end product called _________ ______ is formed.

Answer 16

lactic acid

Question 17

Anaerobic respiration also occurs in ….

Answer 17

plant and yeast cells

Question 18

anaerobic respiration equations:

Answer 18

glucose ethanol + carbon dioxide

Question 19

Why is fermentation of economic importance?

Answer 19

Used in the manufacture of bread and alcoholic drinks.

Question 20

Describe three ways in which the body responds to vigorous exercise in order to ensure sufficient oxygen reaches the muscle cells.

Answer 20

Increase in heart rate; increase in breathing rate and increase in breath volume.

Question 21

Carbohydrate - made of:

Answer 21

Many glucose molecules.

Question 22

Lipid - made of:

Answer 22

1 molecule of glycerol and 3 molecules of fatty acid.

Question 23

Protein - made of:

Answer 23

Many amino acids

Question 24

What is the definition of metabolism?

Answer 24

Metabolism is the sum of all reactions which occur in a cell or body