cell organisation

Question 1

put them in order from largest to smallest: organ, tissue, cell, organism, organ system

Answer 1

organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cell

Question 2

what is digestion?

Answer 2

process of breaking down insoluble molecules into smaller soluble ones that can be absorbed in the blood.

Question 3

Function of: mouth

Answer 3

food enters the body from and is physically broken down by chewing.

Question 4

Function of: oesophagus

Answer 4

long tube connects the stomach and the mouth.

Question 5

Function of: stomach

Answer 5

churns food with hydrochloric acid to break it down.

Question 6

Function of: pancreas

Answer 6

makes enzymes that help break down food.

Question 7

Function of: liver

Answer 7

makes bile which neutralises stomach acid.

Question 8

Function of: gall bladder

Answer 8

stores and releases bile into the small intestine.

Question 9

Function of: small intestine

Answer 9

breaks down food, absorb nutrients needed for the body, and get rid of the unnecessary components.

Question 10

Function of: Large intestine

Answer 10

absorbs water and salts from the material that has not been digested as food, and gets rid of any waste products left over.

Question 11

Function of: anus

Answer 11

faeces leave the body from.

Question 12

enzyme: amylase

Answer 12

produced in the salivary glands and pancreas. breaks down carbohydrates into simple sugars.

Question 13

enzyme: protease

Answer 13

produced in the stomach and pancreas. break proteins into amino acids.

Question 14

enzymes: lipase

Answer 14

produced in the pancreas. breaks down fats and oils into fatty acids and glycerol.

Question 15

if the temperature is too hot ….

Answer 15

enzymes will denature and the active site will change shape so the substrate will not fit.

Question 16

Function of: valves

Answer 16

prevents blood from flowing backwards.

Question 17

Function of: atrium

Answer 17

part of the heart that holds blood before pushing blood to the ventricles.

Question 18

Function of: ventricle

Answer 18

part of the heart that pumps the blood to the organs around the body.

Question 19

Function of: left side of the heart

Answer 19

pumps oxygenated blood around the body. much thicker muscle wall.

Question 20

Function of: right side of the heart

Answer 20

pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

Question 21

Adaptations of the alveoli

Answer 21

large surface area → weird shape to increase the surface area. thin walls → short diffusion distance. permeable walls → allows gases to pass through.

Question 22

arteries - carry oxygenated blood away from the heart and around the body. under high pressure.

Answer 22

thick muscle wall → to withstand high pressure. narrow lumen → to maintain high pressure. thick elastic wall → can stretch and recoil.

Question 23

veins - carry deoxygenated blood to the heart. under low pressure.

Answer 23

valves → stops the backflow of blood. large lumen → to maintain blood under low pressure.

Question 24

capillaries - connects veins and arteries. carry blood under very low pressure.

Answer 24

used for gas exchange. 1 cell thick → to create a shorter diffusion pathway.

Question 25

all arteries carry oxygenated blood except ….

Answer 25

the pulmonary artery

Question 26

all veins carry deoxygenated blood except ….

Answer 26

the pulmonary vein

Question 27

plasma - 55% →

Answer 27

carries RBC, WBC, platelets, CO2 and waste around the body.

Question 28

Red blood cell - 45% →

Answer 28

carries oxygen around the body. no nucleus to increase the surface area for CO2. contains haemoglobin which carries CO2.

Question 29

White blood cell - <1% →

Answer 29

helps defend system against harmful microorganisms. produce antibodies or engulf foreign cells.

Question 30

Platelets - <1% →

Answer 30

help the blood to clot at the site of a wound.