Parts of the Cell Flashcards
Cells
What is the function of the cell membrane?
- protects the inside of the cell
- supports the cell
- controls what enters and exits
- Cell has the ability to maintain a stable internal environment which is called homeostasis
What is the function of the Nucleus?
- round and oval
- near middle of cell
- darker than the rest of cell
- control center of cell
- contains nucleic acid that carry instruction for cell processes and cell reproduction
What is the function of cytoplasm?
- “cyto” means cell
- “plasm” means something molded
- most cell processes take place here
- living material of the cell
- jellylike substance contains different compounds
- 80% water
- contains organelles
- most materials needed for growth are made in the cytoplasm and the organelles carry out the function
What is the function of mitochondria?
- “powerhouse of the cell”
- releases energy stored in food
what is the function of ribosomes
- tiny,round dark dots
- attached to the ER
- protein factories
- assembles protein for growth repair and control the cells
What are the functions of ER
- made of tubes and canals
- used to transport materials from one place to another
- Rough ER: has ribosomes
- Smooth ER: doesn’t
What are the functions of the Golgi body?
- stacks fo flattened sacs
- manufactures and ships material throughout the cell
What are the functions of the lysosomes?
-digest chemicals that break down food molecules, wast products and old cell products.
What does the nucleolus, centrioles and chromosomes do and what are?
- Nucleolus: makes ribosomes
- Centrioles: only visible during cell reproduction
- Chromosomes: contains DNA
What are the 3 part of the plant cell that aren’t int he animal cell?
Vacuoles
Chloroplasts
Cell Walls
What are the functions of the vacuoles?
- fluid sacs that float
- stores water, food materials and water
- helps rid plant of waste and water
What are the functions of the chloroplasts?
- oval shaped organelles
- contains a compound called chlorophyll: which traps energy from the sun and gives the chloroplast it’s green color
What are the functions of the cell wall?
- plant cells have another structure outside the cell membrane
- separates plant cells
- wall is rigid
- provides support and protection and allows the plant to grow upright
- cell wall is made of fibers and cellulose
Why does oxygen and water pass easily through the cell membrane?
Small and can dissolve in lipids
What is the fluid-mosaic model?
Double layer of lipids and phosphates with protein
What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis?
Osmosis is the fusion of water and diffusion is the spreading of molecules from levels of a higher concentration to levels of lower concentration
What is the Browian Movement
Constant random movement of molecules
Why are cell membranes selectively permeable?
So the cell can keep out what it need and bring in what is needs. Only selects materials that can pass
What is hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic
- Hypotonic: (Less solutes) the concentration of solute molecules in the environment outside the cell is lower than that inside the cell
- Hypertonic: (more solutes) the concentration of solute molecules in the environment outside the cell is higher than that inside the cell.
- isotonic: (equal solutes) the concentration of solute molecules in the environment and in the cell are equal
What is used in active transport and why is it needed?
-Active transport uses ATP (energy) and it is needed to move solutes from a low to high concentration (goes against the concentration gradient)
How does glucose enter cells?
glucose enters through facilitated diffusion
What are proteins in the cell membrane called?
carrier molecules or transmembrane proteins
What is a contractile vacuole use for in the cell?
prevents accumulation of water
what is the difference between pinocytosis and phagocytosis
Pinocytosis is water bringing “water drinking”
Phagocytosis is solid bringing “solid eating”
