Mitosis and Meiosis

Question 1

What is the reproduction of offspring from one parent?

Answer 1

Asexual

Question 2

Describe binary fission?

Answer 2

One cell splits into two

Question 3

How do cells divide in budding?

Answer 3

They split unequally

Question 4

Some plants reproduce by using runners? What type of reproduction is this?

Answer 4

Vegetative Propagation

Question 5

What is regeneration? Which animals do this?

Answer 5

Growing of another limb

Starfish, lizards, tadpoles

Question 6

What is a gamete?

Answer 6

Male or female sex cell

sperm or egg

Question 7

What is produces when an egg and sperm are fused

Answer 7

zygote

Question 8

What does each daughter cell contain as a result of mitosis?

Answer 8

Same number of chromosomes

Question 9

What is the time between mitosis called?

Answer 9

Interphase

Question 10

What are chromatids?

Answer 10

short thick rods that are a single strand of chromosomes

outside the nucleus

Question 11

What holds chromosomes together?

Answer 11

centromere:middle of chromosomes

Question 12

What process follows mitosis?

Answer 12

cytokinesis

Question 13

Where is the cell plate formed?

Answer 13

Plant cell during telophase. In between two plant cells when they start to separate. Cell plant then turns into cell wall

Question 14

Which process prevents the doubling of chromosomes?

Answer 14

meiosis

Question 15

What are the spots of the cell cycle and what is happening in each step?

Answer 15

-Interphase: cell doubles in size
-Prophase:Chromosomes find a pair
-Metaphase:they line up in the middle
-Anaphase: they pull the chromosomes apart
-Telophase: pinching of the nucleus can form cell if it is an animal cell. Plant cell produces cell plate
IPMATC

Question 16

Meiosis actually does what to chromosomes of body cells?

Answer 16

splits them in half

Question 17

How many chromosomes are in a human sex cell?

Answer 17

23

Question 18

What is a homologous chromosomes?

Answer 18

Homologous chromosomes: when the one chromosomes pair. pairs with another chromosomes pair. Same chromosomes with genes of the same traits in the same order

Question 19

What is a polar body?

Answer 19

Polar body: when a female cell during meiosis receives little or no cytoplasm

Question 20

Which type of reproduction increases variation?

Answer 20

sexual reproduction

Question 21

One of the main reasons that cells divide is because the surface area is smaller than the volume area and is unable to move material in and out of the cell. Should a cell maintain a high surface area to volume area ration?

Answer 21

Yes

Question 22

What are the 4 reasons cells need to divide?

Answer 22

1 maintain a high surface area to volume area ration
2 repair
3 growth
4 new cell of organism

Question 23

What is asecual reproduction?

Answer 23

produces identical daughter cells

advantage in a stable environment

Question 24

What is binary fission

Answer 24

type of asexual reproduction
one cell splits to make two
ex Bacteria

Question 25

What is budding?

Answer 25

type of asexual reproduction cell divided unequally and the new cell is smaller ex Yeast

Question 26

What is vegetative propagation?

Answer 26

type of asexual reproduction whole new individuals separate from a parent ex Strawberries, spider plant

Question 27

What is regeneration?

Answer 27

type of asexual reproduction development of a new parts from injured individuals ex starfish, lizards, tadpole

Question 28

What is spores

Answer 28

Type of asexual reproduction new cell surrounded by a protective covering, growth continued when favorable conditions develop ex ferns mushrooms

Question 29

Can some organisms produce both ways

Answer 29

yes

Question 30

What is sexual reproduction?

Answer 30

combination of genetic material that is produces by 2 gametes the faceted fuse together and form a fertilized egg or zygote

Question 31

What is a variation?

Answer 31

difference within a species, different sizes, shapes and color

Question 32

What is a species?

Answer 32

one kind of organism that stated a large number of characteristics and adaptations.

Question 33

What is a diploid?

Answer 33

total munger of chromosomes that an organism has in nucleus

Question 34

What is a haploid?

Answer 34

half the number of chromosomes found in the gametes (egg or sperm)

Question 35

What is cell division?

Answer 35

making of two identical cells form one cell

Question 36

What is mitosis?

Answer 36

process by which a cell nucleus divides into two identical nuclei

Question 37

What is the general idea of the cell cycle?

Answer 37

may take hours or days for a cel to complete one cycle | most of the cells life is growing and developing

Question 38

What happens in interphase?

Answer 38

cell double in size makes enough mitochondria and other substances for two cells chromosomes in cycles form copies

Question 39

What happens in prophase?

Answer 39

chromosomes mow called chromatids form short, thick rods and pair up in nucleus spindle fibers form between centrioles look for chromosomes

Question 40

What happens in metaphase

Answer 40

chromatids line up in the midd of the cell | spindle fibers drag them by the centromere

Question 41

What happens in anaphase

Answer 41

spindle fibers pull chromatids apart to opposite dies of the cell now the cell has 2 identical sets of single chromosomes

Question 42

What happens in telophase?

Answer 42

when chromosomes reach the sides, the nuclear membrane surrounds them spindle fibers break them cell develops a cleavage furrow where the cell membrane is formed

Question 43

What is the difference in chromosomes in meiosis and mitosis

Answer 43

Mitosis: equal DIPLOIDS Meiosis: half HAPLOID

Question 44

What is meiosis?

Answer 44

cell division which produces gametes (sex cells) containing half the number of chromosomes as a parent body cell

Question 45

What happens in interphase in meiosis?

Answer 45

growth of cell and doubling of chromosomes | produces homologous chromosomes

Question 46

What happens in prophase I in meiosis?

Answer 46

chromosomes pair up (2 sets)

Question 47

What happens in metaphase I in meiosis?

Answer 47

chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

Question 48

what is anaphase I in meiosis?

Answer 48

spindle fibers pill chromosomes apart to opposite side of cell cell has two identical sets of chromosomes

Question 49

What is telophase I in meiosis?

Answer 49

chromosomes react the disease of the cell and furrow develops

Question 50

What is short interphase?

Answer 50

no replication

Question 51

What is prophase II, Metaphase II, and anaphase II?

Answer 51

Prophase II: spindle fibers form in cell again Metaphase II: chromosomes line up on the equator Anaphase II: sister chromatids separate and begin to move to opposite poles

Question 52

What is telophase II and cytokinesis?

Answer 52

Telophase II: nuclei reform, spindles break down and cytoplasm divides Cytokinesis: 4 new haploids cells are formed other cells are lost to polar bodies (get less cytoplasm then the egg) contains 1 chromosomes form each homologous pair cells will become gametes to transmit genes they contain to offspring