Light and stuff Flashcards
to learn about light and stuff
What are the two reactions of photosynthesis?
Light: only occurs when sun is out
Dark: can occur anytime
What are the 3 parts of ATP?
Adenine
Ribosugars
3 phosphates
Which 2 groups need energy to live. Describe them?
Autotrophs: make energy by making material from inorganic materials. Make food
Heterotrophs: directly or indirectly energy from autotrophs
What is energy from sunlight?
Photons
Describe phosphorylation?
breakdown of ATP accompanies by the transfer of a phosphate to ADP
What is the difference between anaerobic and aerobic respiration?
anaerobic: without oxygen(not moving energy)
aerobic respiration: helps make energy (physical force)
What is the name of energy molecules used by organisms to perform everyday functions?
ATP
Which enzyme helps produce ATP?
ATP synthetase
Which enzyme helps to break bonds of ATP?
ATPase
What is the ultimate source of energy?
sunlight
Where is chlorophyll located?
chloroplasts
Which respiration process makes the most ATP? How much?
aerobic and makes 38 ATP
What are the 3 molecules that contain adenosine and phosphates?
ATP-3
ADP-2
AMP-1`
What are raw materials and products in photosynthesis?
Raw materials: water, carbon Dioxide and sunlight
Products: glucose and oxygen
What are ingredients of resperation?
Glucose and oxygen
What energy molecule is needed to produce cellular respiration?
Glucose
What energy is used by plants and animals for activity?
ATP
What is light?
Made of photons (energy from the sun)- absorbs and reflects light we can see in visible rays
What are the other rays?
gamma rays, x-rays, UV rays,infrared, microwave, radio
What is the ultimate source of energy on the Earth?
THE SUN
How is sunlight and visible light perceived?
by pigments in out eyes
What is pigment?
is a molecule that absorbs certain wavelengths (colors) and reflects others. (ex. clothing dye)
What is the electromagnetic spectrum?
shows the array of high energy to low energy photons
What is considered high energy?
gamma, x-rays, UV
What is considered low energy?
infrared light and radio
Why was UV and important part of life?
before our oxygen atmosphere but is now considered harmful and is mostly absorbed by the ozone
What is photosynthesis?
process that converts the radiant energy from sunlight into chemical energy.
The radiant energy from sunlight is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide and water
during the process it release oxygen
Where do reactions occur and what are light and dark reactions?
occur in chloroplasts
- Light: sunlight and water help in producing energy (ATP) and a hydrogen carrier (NADPH)
- Dark: carbon dioxide is added in the Calvin Cycle to produce glucose
What is cellular respiration?
- process that releases chemical energy for use by the cell
- glucose molecules are broken down and their stored energy is released
- all organisms use in some form to obtain energy
- constant energy is used for each cycle
What is fermentation?
when no oxygen is available the glucose molecule is changed into lactic acid or ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide
What is Aerobic respiration?
the complete breakdown of one molecule of glucose that results in 38 ATP
What are autotrophs?
plants and other organisms that meet their needs by building organic molecules from inorganic substances
What are heterotrophs?
organisms that do not make their own food but depend directly or indirectly on autotrophs for food
What are biochemical pathways?
photosynthesis and respiration are processes that involve a series of reaction which are….
What are adenosine triphosphate or ATP?
usable energy is stored in a molecule
What is adenine?
a nitrogen containing molecule
What are ribose?
a five carbon sugar
what is ADP?
adenosine diphosphate——has 2 attached phosphate groups—half battery or energy
What is AMP?
adenosine monophosphate-has 1 attaches phosphate group——a battery is short supply of energy
What is the ATP-ADP cycle?
- the breakdown of ATP is accompanies by the transfer of a phosphate group to another molecule.
- the cells obtain energy by splitting phosphate groups from ATP
What ATPase?
breaks the bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate group
What ATP synthetase?
catalyses of ATP by adding a phosphate to ADP. It requires energy.
