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Honors Biology > Light and stuff > Flashcards

Light and stuff Flashcards

to learn about light and stuff

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1
Q

What are the two reactions of photosynthesis?

A

Light: only occurs when sun is out
Dark: can occur anytime

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2
Q

What are the 3 parts of ATP?

A

Adenine
Ribosugars
3 phosphates

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3
Q

Which 2 groups need energy to live. Describe them?

A

Autotrophs: make energy by making material from inorganic materials. Make food
Heterotrophs: directly or indirectly energy from autotrophs

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4
Q

What is energy from sunlight?

A

Photons

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5
Q

Describe phosphorylation?

A

breakdown of ATP accompanies by the transfer of a phosphate to ADP

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6
Q

What is the difference between anaerobic and aerobic respiration?

A

anaerobic: without oxygen(not moving energy)

aerobic respiration: helps make energy (physical force)

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7
Q

What is the name of energy molecules used by organisms to perform everyday functions?

A

ATP

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8
Q

Which enzyme helps produce ATP?

A

ATP synthetase

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9
Q

Which enzyme helps to break bonds of ATP?

A

ATPase

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10
Q

What is the ultimate source of energy?

A

sunlight

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11
Q

Where is chlorophyll located?

A

chloroplasts

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12
Q

Which respiration process makes the most ATP? How much?

A

aerobic and makes 38 ATP

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13
Q

What are the 3 molecules that contain adenosine and phosphates?

A

ATP-3
ADP-2
AMP-1`

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14
Q

What are raw materials and products in photosynthesis?

A

Raw materials: water, carbon Dioxide and sunlight

Products: glucose and oxygen

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15
Q

What are ingredients of resperation?

A

Glucose and oxygen

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16
Q

What energy molecule is needed to produce cellular respiration?

A

Glucose

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17
Q

What energy is used by plants and animals for activity?

A

ATP

18
Q

What is light?

A

Made of photons (energy from the sun)- absorbs and reflects light we can see in visible rays

19
Q

What are the other rays?

A

gamma rays, x-rays, UV rays,infrared, microwave, radio

20
Q

What is the ultimate source of energy on the Earth?

A

THE SUN

21
Q

How is sunlight and visible light perceived?

A

by pigments in out eyes

22
Q

What is pigment?

A

is a molecule that absorbs certain wavelengths (colors) and reflects others. (ex. clothing dye)

23
Q

What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

A

shows the array of high energy to low energy photons

24
Q

What is considered high energy?

A

gamma, x-rays, UV

25
Q

What is considered low energy?

A

infrared light and radio

26
Q

Why was UV and important part of life?

A

before our oxygen atmosphere but is now considered harmful and is mostly absorbed by the ozone

27
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

process that converts the radiant energy from sunlight into chemical energy.
The radiant energy from sunlight is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide and water
during the process it release oxygen

28
Q

Where do reactions occur and what are light and dark reactions?

A

occur in chloroplasts

  • Light: sunlight and water help in producing energy (ATP) and a hydrogen carrier (NADPH)
  • Dark: carbon dioxide is added in the Calvin Cycle to produce glucose
29
Q

What is cellular respiration?

A
  • process that releases chemical energy for use by the cell
  • glucose molecules are broken down and their stored energy is released
  • all organisms use in some form to obtain energy
  • constant energy is used for each cycle
30
Q

What is fermentation?

A

when no oxygen is available the glucose molecule is changed into lactic acid or ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide

31
Q

What is Aerobic respiration?

A

the complete breakdown of one molecule of glucose that results in 38 ATP

32
Q

What are autotrophs?

A

plants and other organisms that meet their needs by building organic molecules from inorganic substances

33
Q

What are heterotrophs?

A

organisms that do not make their own food but depend directly or indirectly on autotrophs for food

34
Q

What are biochemical pathways?

A

photosynthesis and respiration are processes that involve a series of reaction which are….

35
Q

What are adenosine triphosphate or ATP?

A

usable energy is stored in a molecule

36
Q

What is adenine?

A

a nitrogen containing molecule

37
Q

What are ribose?

A

a five carbon sugar

38
Q

what is ADP?

A

adenosine diphosphate——has 2 attached phosphate groups—half battery or energy

39
Q

What is AMP?

A

adenosine monophosphate-has 1 attaches phosphate group——a battery is short supply of energy

40
Q

What is the ATP-ADP cycle?

A
  • the breakdown of ATP is accompanies by the transfer of a phosphate group to another molecule.
  • the cells obtain energy by splitting phosphate groups from ATP
41
Q

What ATPase?

A

breaks the bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate group

42
Q

What ATP synthetase?

A

catalyses of ATP by adding a phosphate to ADP. It requires energy.

Honors Biology (3 decks)

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