Parts of the Brain

Question 1

Telencephalon: 5 parts

Answer 1

• comprised of the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, olfactory bulb and basal ganglia

Question 2

diencephalon

Answer 2

• containing the epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus and third ventricle

Question 3

mesencephalon

Answer 3

• composed of the tectum and tegmentum

Question 4

metaencephalon

Answer 4

• differentiates into the pons and the cerebellum
• contains the fourth ventricle and some specific nerves

Question 5

myelencephalon

Answer 5

• the most posterior region of the embryonic hindbrain from which the medulla oblongata develops
• medulla oblongata control of cardiac and respiratory functions; reflex centers for vomiting, coughing sneezing swallowing etc

Question 6

neocortex

Answer 6

• higher function such as sensory perception, emotion and cognition
• largest part of the cerebral cortex

Question 7

Cerebral cortex

Answer 7

• the wrinkle part of the brain (so basically the whole thing)
• primary areas - receive and send info to and from the peripheral nervous system
• secondary areas - adjacent to primary areas. receive input for the primary areas. engaged in intercepting sensory input or organizing movements
• tertiary areas - located between secondary areas. mediate complex activities

Question 8

Basal ganglia

Answer 8

• supports stimulus - response learning
• functions in sequencing movements
• formulates muscle force

Question 9

The limbic system (5 parts)

Answer 9

• a collection of functionally and anatomically interconnected structure in the telencephalon and diencephalon - emotion and memory and smell and location are all intimately related to one another
• mostly emotion and memory
  Amygdala; hippocampus and fornix; mammillary bodies; septum; cingulate cortex (cingulate gyrus)

Question 10

Amygdala

Answer 10

• emotion and species-typical behaviours
• emotional recognition

Question 11

hippocampus and fornix

Answer 11

• memory and spatial navagation

Question 12

mammillary bodies

Answer 12

• memory consolidation
• from short term memory to storage

Question 13

septum

Answer 13

• emotion and species-typical behaviour

Question 14

cingulate cortex

Answer 14

• integral part of the limbic system involved with emotion formation, learning and memory

Question 15

diencephalon

Answer 15

• Small part of the brain that is mostly hidden from view when you are looking at the outside of the brain
• thalamus; hypothalamus; epithalamus; subthalamus

Question 16

Thalamus

Answer 16

• relays all sensory information to appropriate cortical targets
• relays info amongst cortical areas
• relays info between forebrain and brainstem

Question 17

Hypothalamus

Answer 17

• interacts with the pituitary gland
• participates in nearly all aspects of motivated behaviour and homeostasis
• like secreting glucose from the liver

Question 18

epithalamus

Answer 18

• poorly understood; biorhythms, hunger, thirst potentially?

Question 19

The mesencephalon (8 parts)

Answer 19

• midbrain
• uppermost portion of the brainstem
• cerebral peduncles; tectum; tegmentum; diencephalon; midbrain; hindbrain; cerebellum; pons

Question 20

cerebral peduncles

Answer 20

fiber tracts connecting the cortex, cerebellum and spinal cord

Question 21

tectum

Answer 21

• ceiling, inferior and siperior colliculi

Question 22

tegmentum

Answer 22

• covering or midbrain floor
• and surrounds the cerebral aqueduct

Question 23

red nucleus

Answer 23

• midbrain
• limb movements

Question 24

substantia nigra

Answer 24

• midbrain
• reward and initiation of movement
• dopamine factory

Question 25

periaqueductal gray matter

Answer 25

• species-typical behaviours (sexual behaviour)
• modulating pain response

Question 26

Hindbrain

Answer 26

• pons and medulla
• pons = bridge from the brain to the spinal cord

Question 27

reticular formation

Answer 27

• got a lot of holes in it
• arousal (awake and alert)
• in the brianstem