Neural Development

Question 1

fold of the cerebral cortex appear

Answer 1

> 24 weeks post conception

Question 2

Myelination

Answer 2

increases from childhood through late adolescence/early adulthood

Question 3

Milestones in neural system development

Answer 3

• closure of neural tube ( day 22)
• neurogenesis 16 weeks (creation of neurons from neuroblasts)
• neuronal migration (brings cells to apptropriate spatial relationships with other cells
• cell differentiation glial cell proliferation (neuronal migration that takes the cell bodies to different locations of the brain
• axonal and dendritic sprouting
• synaptogenesis (formation of synapses between neurons as axons and dendrites grow)
• neuronal cell death (apoptosis)
• synaptic pruning
• myelination
• synaptic density increases

Question 4

Parenchyman CNS tissues

Answer 4

• derived from the exodermal germ layer (the outermost tissue layer of the embryo that differentiates to form the nervous system, tooth enamel, epidermis, lining of the mouth, anus, nostrils, sweat glands, hair and nails)

Question 5

nature

Answer 5

• experience independent development
• resulting from hardwired genetic programs that occur in a relatively tight time sequence
• cell birth, differentiation, migration and amazon guidance to target location

Question 6

Nurture

Answer 6

• experience dependent development
• axons reach their target locations the individual’s interactions with the environment plays a role in modification of some aspects of the CNS structure and function

Question 7

development of myelination

Answer 7

• 2 months: anterior internal capsule
• 3 months: splenium of corpus callosum
• 6 months: genu of the corpus callosum
• sensory then motor (babies sense things before moving a bunch)

Question 8

anterior cingulate cortex

Answer 8

• rational cognitive functions; error detection and conflict monitoring, reward anticipation, decision making, empathy, impulse control, emotion

Question 9

inferior temproal cortex

Answer 9

• where perception meets memory
• object identification
• the ventral stream of the retino cortical pathway

Question 10

dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Answer 10

executive functions; decision making, working memory social cognition, myelination late 20’s