Parts of blood, Blood vessels, and Key definitions Flashcards
Diffusion
Diffusion is the net passive movement of particles (atoms, ions or molecules) from a region in which they are in higher concentration to regions of lower concentration. It continues until the concentration of substances is uniform throughout.
Osmosis
Osmosis is the spontaneous net movement of solvent molecules through a semi-permeable membrane into a region of higher solute concentration, in the direction that tends to equalize the solute concentrations on the two sides. … Osmosis is a vital process in biological systems, as biological membranes are semipermeable.
Active transport
the movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy.
Gas Exchange
The primary function of the lungs involving the transfer of oxygen from inhaled air into the blood and the transfer of carbon dioxide from the blood into the exhaled air.
Amoeba
Simple organisms, such as the amoeba and earthworm, have a moist, permeable external surface. Oxygen can pass into them through this surface by diffusion. A large surface area is needed for effective gas exchange - so larger, more complex, organisms have special organs such as gills and lungs.
Roots
Exchanges in the roots. The role of the roots is to absorb water from the soil by osmosis and dissolve mineral ions from the soil by active transport. … Root hair cells have several adaptations: the tube-like protrusion provides a greater surface area across which water and mineral ions can be exchanged.
Partially permeable membrane
partially permeable membrane A membrane that is permeable to the small molecules of water and certain solutes but does not allow the passage of large solute molecules. This term is preferred to semipermeable membrane when describing membranes in living organisms. See osmosis.
Isotonic
An isotonic solution refers to two solutions having the same osmotic pressure across a semipermeable membrane. This state allows for the free movement of water across the membrane without changing the concentration of solutes on either side.
Hypertonic
having a higher osmotic pressure than a particular fluid, typically a body fluid or intracellular fluid.
Hypotonic
having a lower osmotic pressure than a particular fluid, typically a body fluid or intracellular fluid.
Red blood cell
Hemoglobin is the protein inside red blood cells that carries oxygen. Red blood cells also remove carbon dioxide from your body, transporting it to the lungs for you to exhale. Red blood cells are made inside your bones, in the bone marrow. They typically live for about 120 days, and then they die.
White blood cell
White blood cells, also called leukocytes or leucocytes, are the cells of the immune system that are involved in protecting the body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders. All white blood cells are produced and derived from multipotent cells in the bone marrow known as hematopoietic stem cells.
Plasma
Blood plasma a yellowish coloured liquid component of blood that normally holds the blood cells in whole blood in suspension; this makes plasma the extracellular matrix of blood cells. It makes up about 55% of the body’s total blood volume.
Platelets
a small colourless disc-shaped cell fragment without a nucleus, found in large numbers in blood and involved in clotting.
Arteries
any of the muscular-walled tubes forming part of the circulation system by which blood (mainly that which has been oxygenated) is conveyed from the heart to all parts of the body.
