Parts of a cell Flashcards
What is the Nucleus?
The nucleus is the part of the cell with the genetic information for the cell to function (It is not common, but possible for a cell to possess two nuclei)
What is the Mitochondria?
The mitochondria (singular: mitochondrion) is the powerhouse of the cell and it turns glucose into ATP. It is possible for a cell to have more than one Mitochondrion. This part of the cell usually has a unique shape on a diagram
What is the Golgi Apparatus?
After the proteins get sent out by the Rough ER, the golgi packages the protien and sends it out to the cell membrane (like a mailman)
*On a diagram, look for a stack of pancakes
What is the cell membrane?
The cell membrane is the exterior of the cell, almost like a shell/cover for the cell. Some things can go in and out while some have to go in and out through proteins
What are proteins?
Short answer: Building blocks of life! We consume it for our body to grow and repair
Long answer: The proteins are the building blocks of life. We require proteins in order for our bodies to grow and repair. Proteins are made up of amino acids, which are like lego and proteins are the finished product or all the little pieces of lego.
What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum, the two kinds, and their functions?
The Endoplasmic Reticulum has two kinds: * The rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER) is where ribosomes inject proteins they create and transport to the Golgi.
* The smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER) is where fats are made.
What are Ribosomes?
Ribosomes are small structures that manufacture proteins, they are either free-floating in the cytoplasm or bound to the ER (If bound, turns it into rough ER)
What is the vacuole?
The vacuole is the place that stores water and waste products. This part of the cell is found in both animal and plants cells, but is significantly bigger in plants. In plants, it is used maintains water balance.
*Can take up to 90% of the volume of plant cells!
What are lysosomes?
Lysosomes are vesicles that are full of enzymes that digest unwanted material/waste. THIS PART IS ONLY FOUND IN ANIMAL CELLS!!
What is the cell wall?
The cell wall is a layer to support the cell due to the pressure inside the cell. THIS PART IS ONLY FOUND IN PLANT CELLS!!
What is the chloroplast?
The chloroplast is the part of the cell that is in charge of photosynthesis, which is turning CO2, water and sunlight into ATP (usable energy) and oxygen. THIS PART IS ONLY FOUND IN PLANT CELLS!!
May show up on test: Formula for photosynthesis: 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
Difference between the two kinds of cells (Animal cell vs plant cell)
UNIQUE TO ANIMAL CELLS: Lysosomes
UNIQUE TO PLANT CELLS: The chloroplast, the cell wall, and the vacuole (not unique, but significantly bigger and maintains water balance)
What is the cytoplasm?
The cytoplasm is a watery (80%) fluid that supports the seel, soemtimes also called the cytosol.
